High flash point additives or compositions for gasoline and dies

Details High flash point additives or compositions for gasoline and dies High flash point additives or compositions for gasoline and dies

1981-03-10

1984-01-03

Doll, John

Fuel and related compositions

Liquid fuels

Aluminum or heavy metal, other than lead, containing

44 53, 44 57, 44 67, 44 68, 44 72, 44 77, C10L 122

Patent

active

044240635

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to two compositions which are useful in increasing the flash point of (a) diesel fuels and (b) gasoline. In each case application of a dosage amount of the additive increases the flash point of the resulting composition from about 6.degree. C. to 29.degree. C. This, in effect, relieves the user of strict legal burdens and enables the use of the compositions in local and interstate traffic. A dosage of the additive to fuels is in the range 1:1000 to 1:2000 with a preferred dosage of about 1:1600 parts by volume.
The flash point of a fuel indicates the temperature below which it can be handled without danger of fire. This is the temperature to which the fuel must be heated to create sufficient fuel vapors above the surface of the liquid fuel for ignition to occur in the presence of an open flame.


Prior Art Statement

Of interest relative to patent prior art are three patents of Dr. Harry M. Webb, assigned to XRG International, Inc. This group of patents; namely, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,099,930, 4,129,421 and 4,145,190, utilizes ferrous sulfate in conjunction with picric acid and includes water in the solvent milieu. The present additives are based upon copper(II) carbonate hydroxide and elemental iron together with picric acid. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 1,669,181 teaches copper and iron salts in an internal combustion engine fuel. Related to this application is an earlier application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, U.S. Ser. No. 80/01509 filed Nov. 12, 1980.
In the case of high flash point composition designed for diesel fuels, a range and preferred composition is set out below:


______________________________________ Range Preferred ______________________________________ Elemental iron .01-.03% .01% Methyl isobutyl ketone 3-7% 5.0% Picric acid 1-2% 1.5% Normal butyl alcohol 20-30% 20.0% Kerosene 75-59% 73.0% Nitrobenzene .05-.11% .08% Primene 81R .1-.2% .05% ______________________________________
It is noted of interest in the diesel formulation that the most important elements are elemental iron and picric acid.
The composition for the agent for gasoline to high flash point is set out below:


______________________________________ Range Preferred ______________________________________ Copper carbonate hydroxide .01-.03% .02% Methyl isobutyl ketone 3-7% 5.0% Normal butyl alcohol 20-30% 20.0% Kerosene 75-59% 73.0% Picric acid 1-2% 1.5% Nitrobenzene .05-.11% .08% Primene 81R .1-.2% .05% ______________________________________
It is noted that in this high flash point gasoline composition the most important constituents are copper carbonate hydroxide and picric acid. For solubility purposes, in addition to the above components, copper acetate may be used in amounts of 0.01-0.05%.


The Ingredients

Picric Acid
This trinitrophenol acts synergistically with the elemental iron or copper carbonate hydroxide to give the active component of this invention.
Kerosene
This is a blend of aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling point of 19.degree.-59.degree. C. (150.degree.-280.degree. F.).
The Alcoholic Solvents
Normal butyl alcohol is used here in the formulation designed to give a high flash point.
Nitrobenzene
This compound is utilized as an additional solvent. It is miscible with alkanols and is a superior organic solvent for the picric acid.
Primene
Primenes are tertiary alkylamines which are a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R.sub.1 (R.sub.2) (R.sub.3)CNH.sub.2 in which the amino group is linked to a tertiary carbon atom. The amines utilized in this invention are Primene 81R and Primene JM-T with the 81R preferred. These amines are anti-oxidants and stabilizers for fuel oils and jet fuels.
Copper Acetate
This ingredient is known as copper(II) acetate and is useful as a catalyst in polymerization processes.
Copper Carbonate Hydroxide
This is also known as green basic copper carbonate which occurs in nature as the mineral malachite.
Ketones
Methyl isobutyl ketone is used and is a lower ketone useful as a solvent.

REFERENCES:
patent: 1271114 (1918-07-01), Backhaus
patent: 1622572 (1927-03-01), Chandler
patent: 4073626 (1978-02-01), Simmons
patent: 4099930 (1978-07-01), Webb
patent: 4129421 (1978-12-01), Webb
patent: 4145190 (1979-03-01), Webb
patent: 4265639 (1981-05-01), Sholtz

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