Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Electrode
Reexamination Certificate
1999-05-28
2001-02-06
Kalafut, Stephen (Department: 1745)
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Electrode
C429S231950, C429S218100, C423S414000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06183912
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present application pertains to rechargeable lithium ion batteries and in particular, carbonaceous composite anode materials or conductive lithium ion glass anodes.
Lithium batteries are seen by many to be a most attractive energy storage device. Advanced lithium-ion batteries have been targeted for various applications such as portable electronics, cellular phones, power tools, electric vehicles, and load leveling/peak shaving and are currently replacing many other traditional power sources such as lead-acid batteries. Ni—Cd and Ni-MH batteries. Some rechargeable lithium batteries use lithium-intercalateable carbon or graphitic anodes, and have an energy density of about 372 mAh/g (i.e., for LiC
6
anodes). Others use metallic lithium which provide much higher energy density, but also undesirably react with the electrolyte. Lithium alloys having relatively large particle sizes (i.e., >ca. 2 micron) have been used before as the anode of lithium batteries, but have resulted in degradation (e.g., cracking) of the electrode during cycling.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Described is an electrode such as an anode for use in a lithium ion battery comprising an intercalateable composite carbonaceous composition with a lithium ion conductive glass containing particle size metal or alloy less than about one micron wherein the metal is the reaction product of a metallic halide heated to decomposition temperature preferably in presence of sp elements (i.e. B, P. Si) wherein the metal or alloys have valence electrons in the sp orbital and the electrode reversibly accepts and releases lithium ions.
Also described is a process for producing an electrode for use in a lithium ion battery comprising:
heating, in the presence of a carbonaceous composition, to a decomposition temperature a metallic halide preferably in presence of “sp” elements wherein the metal or alloys have a valence electron in the sp orbital and producing particles of the metal or alloys wherein the particle size is less than about one micron wherein the electrode reversibly accepts and releases lithium ions.
This invention further describes the tailoring of metal or alloy particle sizes and concentrations in the composite anode.
The invention is further directed towards a method of discharging a battery comprising:
providing a cathode and an electrolyte and an anode as described above, and closing the circuit between the anode and the cathode, thereby discharging the battery.
The invention also pertains to a rechargeable lithium ion battery comprising a cathode, an electrode and an anode as described above.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5851504 (1998-12-01), Barker et al.
Delphi Technologies Inc.
Dobrowitsky Margaret A.
Kalafut Stephen
Wills M.
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