Liquid crystal cells – elements and systems – Particular structure – Having significant detail of cell structure only
Reexamination Certificate
2003-05-30
2004-12-14
Chowdhury, Tarifur R. (Department: 2871)
Liquid crystal cells, elements and systems
Particular structure
Having significant detail of cell structure only
C349S096000, C349S098000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06831720
ABSTRACT:
RELATED CASES
This Application is related to the following U.S. Applications: Copending application Ser. No. 09/312,164 entitled “Super-Wide-Angle Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Based Reflective Broadband Polarizing Films” by Hristina G. Galabova and Le Li, filed May 14, 1999; application Ser. No. 09/287,579 “Electro-Optical Glazing Structures Having Scattering And Transparent Modes Of Operation And Methods And Apparatus For Making The Same”, by Le Li, Jian-Feng Li, and Sadeg M. Faris, filed Apr. 6, 1999; application Ser. No. 09/032,302 entitled “Electro-Optical Glazing Structures Having Reflection And Transparent Modes Of Operation”, by Sadeg M. Faris, Le Li and Jian-Feng Li, filed Feb. 27, 1998; application Ser. No. 08/890,320 entitled “Coloring Media Having Improved Brightness And Color Characteristics” by Sadeg M. Faris and Le Li, filed Jul. 9, 1997; application Ser. No. 08/891,877 entitled “Reflective Film Material Having Symmetrical Reflection Characteristics And Method And Apparatus For Making The Same” by Sadeg M. Faris and Le Li, filed Jul. 9, 1997; application Ser. No. 08/805,603 entitled “Electro-Optical Glazing Structures Having Total-Scattering And Transparent Modes Of Operation For Use In Dynamical Control Of Electromagnetic Radiation” filed Feb. 26, 1997; application Ser. No. 08/787,282 entitled “Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Inks” by Sadeg M. Faris filed Jan. 24, 1997; application Ser. No. 08/739,467 entitled “Super Broadband Reflective Circularly Polarizing Material And Method Of Fabricating And Using Same In Diverse Applications”, by Sadeg M. Faris and Le Li, filed Oct. 29, 1996; application Ser. No. 08/715,314 entitled “High-Brightness Color Liquid Crystal Display Panel Employing Systemic Light Recycling” by Sadeg M. Faris, filed Sep. 16, 1996; application Ser. No. 08/550,022 entitled “Single Layer Reflective Super Broadband Circular Polarizer and Method of Fabrication Therefor” by Sadeg M. Faris and Le Li filed Oct. 30, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,691,789; application Ser. No. 08/265,949 entitled “Method And Apparatus For Producing Aligned Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Inks” by Sadeg M. Faris filed Jun. 27, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,599,412; application Ser. No. 07/798,881 entitled “Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Inks” by Sadeg M. Faris filed Nov. 27, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,557; application Ser. No. 08/322,219 entitled “Backlighting Construction For Use In Computer-Based Display Systems Having Direct And Projection Viewing Modes Of Operation” by Sadeg M. Faris and Carl Tung, filed Oct. 13, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,801,793; which is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 08/230,779 entitled “Electro-Optical Backlighting Panel For Use In Computer-Based Display Systems And Portable Light Projection Device For Use Therewith” by Sadeg M. Faris, filed Apr. 21, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,828,427; which is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 08/126,077 entitled “Electro-Optical Display System For Visually Displaying Polarized Spatially Multiplexed Images Of 3-D Objects For Use In Stereoscopically Viewing The Same With High-Image Quality And Resolution” by Sadeg M. Faris filed Sep. 23, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,144; which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 07/536,190 entitled “A System For Producing 3-D Stereo Images” by Sadeg M. Faris, filed Jun. 11, 1990, now abandoned; each said Application being commonly owned by Reveo, Inc., and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a high-brightness color liquid crystal display (LCD) panel with improved image contrast employing non-absorptive spectral filtering, light recycling among neighboring subpixels and ambient glare reduction, and also to methods and apparatus for manufacturing the same.
2. Brief Description of The Prior Art
Without question, there is a great need for flat display panels capable of displaying video imagery in both direct and projection modes of viewing. Examples of equipment requiring such display structures for direct viewing include notebook computers, laptop computers, and palmtop computers, and equipment requiring such display structures for projection viewing include LCD projection panels and LCD image projectors.
In general, prior art color LCD display panels have essentially the same basic construction in that each comprises the following basic components, namely: a backlighting structure for producing a plane of uniform intensity backlighting; an electrically-addressable array of spatial-intensity modulating elements for modulating the spatial intensity of the plane of backlight transmitted therethrough; and an array of color filtering elements in registration with the array of spatial intensity modulating elements, for spectral filtering the intensity modulated light rays transmitted therethrough, to form a color image for either direct or projection viewing. Examples of such prior art LCD panel systems are described in “A Systems Approach to Color Filters for Flat-Panel Displays” by J. Hunninghake, et al, published in SID 94 DIGEST (pages 407-410), incorporated herein by reference.
In color LCD panel design, the goal is to maximize the percentage of light transmitted from the backlighting structure through the color filtering array. However, using prior art design techniques, it has been impossible to achieve this design goal due to significant losses in light transmission caused by the following factors, namely: absorption of light energy due to absorption-type polarizers used in the LCD panels; absorption of light reflected off thin-film transistors (TFTs) and wiring of the pixelated spatial intensity modulation arrays used in the LCD panels; absorption of light by pigments used in the spectral filters of the LCD panels; absorption of light energy by the black-matrix used to spatially separate the subpixel filters in the LCD panel in order to enhance image contrast; and Fresnel losses due to the mismatching of refractive indices between layers within the LCD panels. As a result of such design factors, the light transmission efficiency of prior art color LCD panels is typically no more than 5%. Consequently, up to 95% of the light produced by the backlighting structure is converted into heat across the LCD panel. Thus, it is impossible to produce high brightness images from prior art color LCD panels used in either direct or projection display systems without using ultra-high intensity backlighting sources which require high power supplies, and produce great amounts of heat necessitating cooling measures and the like.
The light transmission efficiency of prior art LCD panels has been severely degraded as a result of the following factors: absorption of light energy due to absorption-type polarizers used in the LCD panels; absorption of light reflected off thin-film transistors (TFTs) and wiring of the pixelated spatial intensity modulation arrays used in the LCD panels; absorption of light by pigments used in the spectral filters of the LCD panels; absorption of light energy by the black-matrix used to spatially separate the subpixel filters in the LCD panel in order to enhance image contrast; and Fresnel losses due to the mismatching of refractive indices between layers within the LCD panels. As a result of such light energy losses, it has been virtually impossible to improve the light transmission efficiency of prior art LCD panels beyond about 5%.
In response to the shortcomings and drawbacks of prior art color LCD panel designs, several alternative approaches have been proposed in order to improve the light transmission efficiency of the panel and thus the brightness of images produced therefrom.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,822,029 entitled “Illumination System and Display Device” discloses a LCD panel construction comprising a broad-band CLC reflective polarizer (32) disposed between the backlighting structure (10, 12, 30 and 34) and a reflective color filtering structure (18) made from a pair of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) film layers, as shown in
FIGS. 1A and 1B
of the
Faris Sadeg M.
Galabova Hristina
Hochbaum Aharon
Jiang Yingqiu
Li Le
Chowdhury Tarifur R.
Qi Mike
Reveo Inc.
Reveo, Inc.
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