Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Patent
1995-04-27
1998-02-03
Nutter, Nathan M.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
524 47, 524 48, 106213, A01H 510, C08B 3000, A23L 1308
Patent
active
057146004
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to high amylose content starch, in particular to a maize starch having an amylose content of more than 80% w/w. The invention further relates to single, double and multiple cross maize hybrids, particularly to a maize single cross F1 hybrid, capable of producing grain having such a high amylose content and to this grain.
The invention still further relates to fractions of high amylose starch that are enriched in dietary fiber and resistant starch content whilst claiming a high amylose content.
BACKGROUND ART
Most common starches contain approximately 25% amylose and 75% amylopectin. Amylose is a linear glucose polymer fraction, whilst amylopectin is a branched glucose polymer fraction.
In the prior art, it has been recognized that currently available commercial starch having an elevated amylose content would impart certain desirable properties to various compositions including films, foods and industrial products. Accordingly, attempts have been made in the prior art to produce high amylose content maize. This is exemplified in AU-A-45616/89 wherein a maize seed deposited as ATCC No. 40499 is disclosed as capable of yielding a starch having an amylose content of up to 72%.
Typically, however, a commercial starch having an amylose content of 55-65% would be regarded in the art as having a high amylose content.
The present inventors whilst recognizing the utility of the commercially available so-called high amylose starches, have sought to produce a maize having a still higher amylose content.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
In the course of a breeding program, a single cross F1 hybrid maize seed was produced, which carried the ae amylose extender gene. This seed was found to be capable of producing grain, in which the amylose content of the starch derived therefrom was in excess of 80%.
Accordingly, in a first aspect, this invention consists in a hybrid maize seed capable of producing a starch having an amylose content of more than 80%.
In a second aspect, this invention further consists in a maize starch having an amylose content of more than 80%, physically or chemically modified derivatives thereof, and destructurized and non-destructurized forms thereof.
In a third aspect, this invention still further consists in compositions including a maize starch selected from the group consisting of maize starch having an amylose content of more than 80%, physically or chemically modified derivatives thereof and destructurized and non-destructurized forms thereof.
In a fourth aspect, this invention still further consists in a process for the formation of a composition comprising including a maize starch selected from the group consisting of maize starch having an amylose content of more than 80%, physically or chemically modified derivatives thereof and destructurized and non-destructurized forms thereof, in said composition.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention still further consists in a hybrid maize seed resulting from a cross between any of the parental lines selected from the group consisting of G112, G113, G116, G117, G118, G119W, G120, G121, G122, G125W, G126, G128, G129, G135W, G136W, G138W, G139W, G140W and G144, said hybrid maize seed yielding a starch having an amylose content of more than 80%.
Starch granules from any botanical source are a heterogeneous mixture varying in physiological age and this affects their physical size, structure and properties. If the starch granules are physically separated according to their granule size, it has been noted by a number of authors that the properties of each size fraction are somewhat different. For example, Cluskey et al in Starke, 32, 105-109(1980) reported on the fractionation of dent corn and amylomaize starch granules. They found that an inverse relationship existed between granule size and iodine binding capacity in the amylomaizes. Thus, the percent apparent amylose found in the fractions of amylose V starch amounted to 40% for the largest size particles and 52% for the smallest particles.
The correlation between
REFERENCES:
patent: 5300145 (1994-04-01), Fergason et al.
"Starch and Enzyme-Resistant Starch from High-Amylose Barley", pp. 589-596, 1991, J. Szczodrak et al.
Cereal Chemistry--Volme 52, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1975.
Chemical Characteristics and Physico-chemical Properties of the Extruded Mixtures of Cereal Starches--By L. Fornal et al., Starch/Starke 39 *1987) Nr. 3, pp. 75-78.
Corn Harndess Determination, Y. Pomeranz, et al.--Cereal Chem. 61(2):174-150, vol. 61, No. 2, 1984.
Fractionation and Characterization of Dent Corn and Amylomaize Starch Granules--by J.E. Cluskey, C.A. Knutson and G.E. Inglett, Peoria--Starch/Starke 32 (1980) nr. 4. S. 105-109.
Brown Ian L.
Knight Adrian Timothy
McNaught Kenneth J.
Moloney Eric
Goodman Fielder Limited
Nutter Nathan M.
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