Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Forms or conditioning
Patent
1986-02-07
1989-07-04
Mills, Catherine L.
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Forms or conditioning
71100, 71118, A01N 0522
Patent
active
048447269
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to novel herbicidal compositions and to a process for employing these compositions. More particularly, the invention concerns novel herbicidal compositions comprising thio- or dithiophosphoric acid esters in association with herbicides of the carbamate, thiolcarbamate, chloroacetanilide or dichloroacetanilide type or any desired combination of two or more of such herbicidally active ingredients and optionally antidotes. The invention further provides a process for the application of these compositions or compositions containing the active ingredients separately.
The thio- or dithiophosphoric acid esters employed in the compositions according to the invention are encompassed by the following formula (I) ##STR2## in which R stands for identical or different alkyl, alkenyl, isoalkyl, isoalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, isohaloalkyl or isohaloalkenyl groups each having up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl and alkenyl moieties, respectively; haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, isohaloalkyl or isohaloalkenyl groups each having up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl and alkenyl moieties, respectively; than oxygen.
Compounds of the formula (I), wherein the substituents are as hereinabove defined, can be prepared in a known manner, for example following the reaction illustrated on Chart A. ##STR3##
The process is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure, at a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 80.degree. C., in a medium inert under the reaction conditions. The starting compounds are known in the art or can be prepared in a known manner.
The insecticidal activity of the compounds of formula (I) is known in the art. It has, however, not been disclosed in the prior art that these compounds increase and extend the activity of carbamate, thiolcarbamate, chloroacetanilide and dichloroacetanilide herbicides. Another newly discovered property of the compounds of formula (I) is that they increase and extend the activity of antidotes conventionally used in combination with thiolcarbamate and chloroacetanilide herbicides.
The increase in activity and its duration is achieved without any harmful side-effect on the cultivated plants.
BACKGROUND ART
Herbicides of the carbamate, thiolcarbamate, chloroacetanilide and dichloroacetanilide type are widely used in the everyday practice of agriculture. They are for example disclosed in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,863,752; 2,864,683; 3,442,945; 2,913,327; 2,695,225; 2,906,614; 3,330,643; 3,330,821; 3,330,642; 3,198,786; 3,573,031 and 3,175,897.
As previously stated, herbicides are widely used in agriculture. The herbicidally active chloroacetanilide and thiolcarbamate derivatives, however, injure the cultivated plants as well, they are therefore often combined with various antidotes. Certain antidotes, which reduce the phytotoxic effect of thiolcarbamate herbicides on agricultural plants show a protecting effect in combination with chloroacetanilide herbicides, too, in various cultures, e.g. maize [J. Robert, C. Levitt, D. Penner: J. Agr. Food. Chem. 27(3), 533-536 (1979)]. Such antidotes are for example disclosed in the Belgian Patent Specifications Nos. 782,120 and 806,038, in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,893,838 and 3,931,313 and in the Hungarian Patent Specifications Nos. 165,736, 176,784 and 168,977.
In addition to their toxic effect on the cultivated plants, another problem in connection with these herbicidally active ingredients is that the duration of their effect is not satisfactory.
As it is well known, immediately after spraying the concentration of the above-mentioned herbicides and antidotes is very high in the upper layer of the soil, but later on it decreases rapidly. This may lead to an invasion of weeds and, as a result, to the injury of cultivated plants. The reasons for this phenomena are discussed by Kaufman, D. D.-Kearney, P. C. (Appl. Microbiol. 13, 443-446 (1965)) and Fox, J. L. (Science, 225, 1029-1031 (1983)). It is concluded that especially the active ingredients containing mn--C.dbd.(O) groups are rapidly decomposed by the microbes present in the soil.
DETAI
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Czibor Janos
Karsai Istvan
Karsai Jozsef
Kis Gyorgy
Kreszta Trajan
Dubno Herbert
Mills Catherine L.
Myers Jonathan
Nitrokemia Ipartelepek
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