Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving antigen-antibody binding – specific binding protein...
Patent
1996-09-30
2000-12-26
Scheiner, Laurie
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving antigen-antibody binding, specific binding protein...
530326, 4241861, 4241891, 4242281, 435 75, G01N 3353
Patent
active
061657301
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide peptides corresponding to immunologically important epitopes on bacterial and viral proteins, as well as the use of said peptides in diagnostic or immunogenic compositions.
Recent developments in genetic engineering as well as the chemistry of solid phase peptide synthesis have led to the increasingly wider use of synthetic peptides in biochemistry and immunology. Protein sequences which become available as a result of molecular cloning techniques can be synthesized chemically in large quantities for structural, functional, and immunological studies. Peptides corresponding to immunologically important epitopes found on viral and bacterial proteins have also proven to be highly specific reagents which can be used for antibody detection and the diagnosis of infection.
Despite the many advantages synthetic peptides offer, there are a number of disadvantages associated with their use. Because of their relatively short size (generally less than 50 amino acids in length), their structure may fluctuate between many different conformations in the absence of the stabilizing influence of intramolecular interactions present in the full-length protein. Furthermore, the small size of these peptides means that their chemical properties and solubilities will frequently be quite different from those of the full-length protein and that the contribution of individual amino acids in the peptide sequence toward determining the overall chemical properties of the peptide will be proportionally greater.
Many immunological assays require that the antigen used for antibody detection be immobilized on a solid support. Most enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) make use of polystyrene as the solid phase. Many proteins can be stably adsorbed to the solid phase and present sequences which are accessible for subsequent interactions with antibodies. Because of their small size, direct adsorption of peptides to the solid phase frequently gives rise to unsatisfactory results for any of a number of reasons.
Firstly, the peptide may not possess the correct overall charge or amino acid composition which would enable the peptide to bind to the solid phase. Secondly, the same amino acid residues which are required for binding to the solid phase may also be required for antibody recognition and therefore not available far antibody binding. Thirdly, the peptide may become fixed in an unfavorable conformation upon binding to the solid phase which renders it unrecognizable to antibody molecules. In many cases, it is neither possible nor necessary to distinguish between these possibilities. Binding to the solid phase can be increased and made less sensitive to the specific chemical properties of a peptide by first coupling the peptide to a large carrier molecule. Typically, the carrier molecule is a protein.
While the amount of peptide bound to the solid phase, albeit indirectly, can in some cases be increased by this method, this approach suffers from the fact that the linkage between the peptide and the carrier protein frequently involves the side chains of internal trifunctional amino acids whose integrity may be indispensable for recognition by antibodies. The binding avidity of antisera for the internally modified peptide is frequently very much reduced relative to the unmodified peptide or the native protein.
The production of antisera to synthetic peptides also requires in most cases that the peptide be coupled to a carrier. Again, the coupling reaction between an internal trifunctional amino acid of the peptide and the carrier is likely to alter the immunogenic properties of the peptide.
There exist many methods for performing coupling reactions and most of the procedures in current use are discussed in detail in Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., Briand, J. P., Muller, S., and Plaue, S.; Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 19, Synthetic Polypeptides as Antigens, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, 1988. In addition to these procedures,
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N.V. Innogenetics S.A.
Parkin Jeffrey S.
Scheiner Laurie
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