Compositions – Heat-exchange – low-freezing or pour point – or high boiling... – Organic components
Patent
1986-03-12
1987-08-25
Wax, Robert A.
Compositions
Heat-exchange, low-freezing or pour point, or high boiling...
Organic components
252 71, 252 74, C09K 500
Patent
active
046891650
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a widely usable heat transfer liquid composed of more components. The heat transfer liquid according to the invention can be used for cooling the internal combustion motors, and it is also useful for the environment saving operation of the cooling systems of thermal plants, industrial and household cooling and freezing machines, open and closed thermal sun collectors, chemical industrial duplicators and autoclaves and for isopiestic drying.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Several kinds of heat transfer liquids are used in the industry. Water is applied everywhere where it can be used as water is cheap, is not harmful to the environment and health, is not inflammable, it has a moderate corrosive effect and its specific heat is high. A great disadvantage of its application is that its volume increases by about 9% upon freezing and damages the instruments. From the point of view of power plants requiring a great cooling capacity a further disadvantage, which is of greater importance in regions being deficient in water, is that it has a quite low boiling point; therefore it has a relatively high tension. Therefore the evaporation rate is high and consequently the undesired loss of water can be significant.
The relatively low boiling point can be also disadvantageous when as a result of the boiling of water, e.g. in solar collectors, in the cooling system of vehicles, serious operating trouble occurs. Therefore it is desirable to raise the temperature range in which the liquid can be applied, i.e. raise the boiling point.
A further disadvantage of water is that it cannot be used for isopiestic drying. Under the term "isopiestic drying" such a procedure is understood wherein the water content of a heat sensitive substance to be dried (e.g. corn, maize) is removed by the aid of a water absorptive liquid at ambient temperature. The substance to be dried and the liquid are kept in the same closed drying space, wherein the air is circulated by the aid of a ventilator. The water absorbed by the liquid is removed by the batch or continuous distillation of the liquid and the liquid is periodically or continously recycled to the drying space. Thus not only the undesired heating of the substance to be dried can be avoided, but a great amount of energy can also be saved compared to the technique of drying with warm air.
The freezing point can be decreased and the boiling point can be increased by mixing well-soluble compounds in water. These effects, the so-called cryoscopic effects can be multiplied if strong electrolytes are dissolved in water as their electrolytic dissociation in water results in an increase of the apparent concentration even in concentrated solutions. A widely used, well-soluble strong electrolyte dissociating into three ions is calcium chloride. A drawback of its use is that similar to the other chloride compounds, it quickly corrodes the metal structural elements especially if the operation temperature is periodically or continously high. A special disadvantage of the chloride ions is that they cause local corrosion (hole, slit or intercrystalline corrosion), therefore the instrument can become worn out in certain cases even if its wall is substantially intact. Similar problems arise when other chloride compounds are used, while the application of acidic and basic solutions is limited by health and environment protective prescriptions besides the corrosion problems.
The lower alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons (e.g. petrol) and cyclohexanone are preferred from the point of view of their anti-freeze character, but they are inflammable, their vapors constitute a volatile mixture with water, most of them are toxic and have a low boiling point. Simultaneously, the compounds boiling at a lower temperature than water are inapt for isopiestic drying. A further drawback of the listed solvents is that their thermal capacity related to a mass unit (specific heat) is small (abot 30 to 40% of the specific heat of water). As their density is less than 1, their
REFERENCES:
patent: 2549430 (1951-04-01), Crittenden
patent: 3630913 (1971-12-01), Scott, Jr. et al.
patent: 4192760 (1980-03-01), Junger
Weast, Ed., The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th Edition, 1974, CRC Press, Inc., p. D-114.
Kalman Tibor
Kardos Peter
Kerti Jozsef
Varnai Istvan
Dubno Herbert
Komaromi Koolajipari Vallalat
Myers Jonathan
Ross Karl F.
Wax Robert A.
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