Liquid heaters and vaporizers – Heat transmitter
Patent
1979-11-08
1983-05-10
Yuen, Henry C.
Liquid heaters and vaporizers
Heat transmitter
122367A, 122367C, 165125, F22B 2306, F22B 3710
Patent
active
043824250
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The technical field of this invention comprises boilers for producing hot water, such a boiler including a heat exchangers for indirect heat exchange between hot combustion gases and water and a second fluid medium, the heat exchanger comprising a generally cylindrical hollow body having longitudinal passage means for said water, said heat exchanger being adapted for flow of said combustion gases within the hollow body away from the axis of said body and towards its circumference and having a heat exchange matrix through which the gases must pass during such flow and through which said longitudinal passage means extend. Such a heat exchanger will be referred to herein as a "heat exchanger of the kind hereinbefore specified".
Such boilers are intended for use in a central heating system, or for producing hot water for other purposes, or both.
BACKGROUND ART
Hot water boilers for production of domestic hot water or hot water for a central heating system, conventionally comprise a segmental, cast-iron heat exchanger which is typically of a somewhat rectangular configuration and which has a combustion zone below it. Fuel, such as gas or oil, and air are fed to a burner in the combustion zone and there burnt so that the hot combustion gases rise generally upwardly through the heat exchanger, to be discharged, typically, at the top or at the back of the latter. In such a heat exchanger, the water passages may follow any desired or convenient path, usually partly horizontal and partly vertical.
Boilers of this conventional kind have been made in large quantities, down to very small sizes. In particular, small boilers for mounting on a wall are used in small houses and flats quite extensively, to provide the modest amount of hot water needed for supplying the radiators in two or three rooms and for supply to the hot water taps of the dwelling. Whilst such boilers are found to perform, in general, quite satisfactory, their manufacturing cost is higher per kilowatt of power output than that of larger units having a higher power output. This is because many factors in the manufacturing cost, as is well known, either do not vary with the power output of the unit being manufactured, or else are not proportional to its power output.
Boilers of conventional construction, having generally-rectangular heat exchangers of cast-iron, are in use having power outputs of the order of 0.42 megajoule/hr (40,000 btu per hour), but it is not economic to manufacture such boilers for outputs very much smaller than this.
However, provision of a boiler having a substantially greater heating capacity than the system calls for is generally wasteful, particularly in that such a boiler will tend to use more fuel that it need do. At the same time, there are many situations where boilers having a heating or power output capacity of about, or substantially smaller than, 0.3 megajoule/hr could be used with advantage. Examples of such situations include one-room or two-room flats, very small terrace or semi-detached houses. This is particularly so since recent escalations in building costs have driven developers of property to build smaller and smaller dwellings, in which space for any kind of appliance is scarcer than in the past, but where nevertheless there is a requirement for central heating as well as hot water for other purposes.
Reduced heating capacity is not, however, confined to small buildings, but is becoming possible more and more in buildings of all sizes, old and new, as the application of modern thermal insulation techniques reduces very substantially the heat losses and therefore the heating requirement.
Another consideration is that of size. A central heating system having a small heat input requirement will in general be installed in a place where space is limited, such as a small flat or apartment. Although the recent advent of wall mounted boilers has to a certain extent alleviated the problem of finding space for the boiler, in that it no longer needs to be placed on the floor, wall space may also be di
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Stelrad Group Limited
Yuen Henry C.
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