Refrigeration – Refrigeration producer – Sorbent type
Patent
1994-06-13
1995-08-15
Rivell, John
Refrigeration
Refrigeration producer
Sorbent type
16510412, F25B 1708
Patent
active
054408997
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a chemical heat accumulator for the storage and/or release of heat, heat being stored or released in the form of chemical binding energy. A heat accumulator of this type consists of a vessel having a wall which is at least partially heat-conducting, which vessel contains a crystalline material which exothermally absorbs and endothermally desorbs a heat-transporting substance. When charging the accumulator, the heat-transporting substance (the sorbate) is vaporized from the absorbing and desorbing material. This vapour can condense in a condenser/vaporizer which is at a lower temperature than the accumulator. When discharging the accumulator the sorbate is vaporized in the condenser/vaporizer with absorption of heat and absorbed, at a higher temperature than that of the condenser/vaporizer, by the absorbing and desorbing material in the accumulator, with release of heat.
In the present description the term "heat accumulator" is used to denote only the vessel in which the absorption and desorption take place, while the combination with a vaporizer/condenser and any connecting lines, which can be used as a heat pump, is indicated by the term "energy system".
An energy system as indicated above has been disclosed in Netherlands Patent Application 7714490 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,186,794. In these publications calcium chloride and sodium sulphide are proposed as the absorbing and desorbing solid and water as the heat-transporting substance. A disadvantage of a system of this type is, however, that the solid is poured loosely, in the form of metal salt which may or may not be hydrated, round or in the heat exchanger and as a consequence of this the heat exchange between the absorbent/desorbent material and the heat exchanger is poor. A similar system is disclosed in European Patent Application 35871, aluminium compounds, which are poured into small containers, being used as absorbent/desorbent solid. This system also has the said disadvantage of poor heat transfer.
Attempts have been made to solve the problem of the poor heat exchange by increasing the heat-conducting power by using additives having a high thermal conductivity (European Patent Application 129473) or by using absorbent/desorbent solids which themselves have a high thermal conductivity, as in European Patent Application 35871. However, solutions of this type have not led to a heat exchange which is such that rapid charging and discharging of the energy system is possible. Another disadvantage of the known chemical heat accumulator system is the need to degas the system from time to time, which demands extra costs and provisions and temporarily removes the system from use.
DE-A-2622699 discloses a heat accumulator consisting of a vessel containing a sorption material without specific means for adhering the sorption material to the wall of the vessel.
Netherlands Patent Application 90.01289, which was not prepublished, describes a heat accumulator wherein the absorbent/desorbent material is a crystalline substance which adheres to the wall of the second vessel and remains adhering during use. Adhering is effected by applying the crystalline material in molten and/or highly hydrated state to the inner wall of a closeable vessel and cooling and/or evaporating so as to cause adhering to the wall.
However, the crystallization process cannot always be controlled, and thus it is difficult to determine the final structure of the crystalline material. It is also difficult to maintain this structure during long-term use. Moreover, the absorption rate and absorptive capacity of the heat-transporting substance can be improved.
A heat accumulator has now been found which does not have the said disadvantages and which allows short charging and discharging times and long life spans in an energy system.
The heat accumulator according to the invention is characterised in that the absorbing and desorbing material is adhered to the wall of the vessel by means of a fibrous material. A "wall" is understood herein to comprise any physical confinement
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De Beijer Hendrikus A.
Klein Horsman Jan W.
Atkinson Christopher
De Beijer Raadgevend Technisch Bureau B.V.
Rivell John
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