Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Patent
1994-06-01
1996-12-17
Marx, Irene
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
4352404, 435119, 435123, 4241951, C07D30777
Patent
active
055855059
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a hatching agent for the potato cyst nematode, to a process for preparing such a hatching agent, and to a method of combatting potato sickness.
Potato sickness, that is to say, the attack of the potato plant by the potato cyst nematode (PCN) is a major problem. In particular for the production of industrial potatoes, which is often effected through intensive potato culture, this attack results in a loss in production. In the culture of seed potatoes and consumption potatoes, such an attack also occurs.
The potato plant acts as a host plant to the organisms causing potato sickness: nematodes, at present known by the names of Globodera rostochiensis and Globadera pallida, of which various pathotypes are known. These nematodes bridge the time in which no potatoes are on the field, i.e., from autumn until spring, or longer if there are no growing potatoes or other host plants, in cysts freely occurring in the soil. These cysts are in fact the hardened abdomens, filled with eggs, of female nematodes of a previous generation. In the spring, when the potato plant is growing, the plant exudes hatching factors which lure the larvae of the nematodes out of the eggs through the cyst wall to the plant.
Preventive measures and possible control of the nematodes have hitherto substantially consisted of intensive crop rotation, measures of farm hygiene, the use of resistant varieties and soil disinfection.
As the financial yield per hectare for potatoes is more favourable than for other crops, intensive crop rotation is little attractive, and where possible, other measures are preferred.
Of the other measures, however, soil disinfection has been the only one so far that found wide application. For this purpose 1,3-dichloropropene and metam sodium are the main disinfectants used. In view of the considerable quantities of disinfectant used, and the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of these agents, there is a tendency of restricting the use of these agents. The most important reason for it is that these agents are seen as a threat to the environment.
In the past, there has already been a considerable research for agents which artificially effect the hatching of the nematodes. In fact, if one is capable of applying an agent to the soil while out of cultivation, which causes the PCN to hatch, one possibly has an effective biological method of controlling the organism. As, in fact, the nematodes have no source of nutrition in such a situation, they will die, and thereafter potatoes can be cultivated with less chance of damage from potato sickness. By combining such an agent with a small dose of a chemical pesticide, a better effect could also be obtained.
Because, in the past, chemical control was effective, research into the biological method was discontinued without any results being achieved. These investigations were reported, among other publications, in Nematologica, 31, No. 2 (1985), pp 159-170. In it, the use of potato root diffusate for hatching the cysts is mentioned.
In the European patent application No. 434,417 a process for the production of a substance capable of stimulating the hatching of eggs of potato cyst nematodes from the root cells of plants of Solanaceae is described.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a hatching agent for hatching the potato cyst nemerode. The invention relates to an agent for hatching the species and pathotypes of the nematodes causing potato sickness, which nematodes comprise Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida, among others, from the cysts thereof, with a molecular weight of 498, a composition C.sub.27 H.sub.30 O.sub.9 and the structure of the following formula: ##STR2## and derivatives, esters and salts thereof.
After extensive and complicated research the above compound has been identified as the component responsible for the hatching of the potato cyst nematode. The systematic name of this compound is trans-2-(2,13-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-7,7,16-trimethyl-5,10,20-trioxo-19-oxahe xacyclo[9.7.0.1.sup.3,6.0.sup.3
REFERENCES:
patent: 5107066 (1992-04-01), Ashikawa
Hominick et al, Diapause In Globodera Rostochienses And . . . , (1985) Nematologica 31, 159-170, E. J. Brill, Leiden.
Spray, F, Meded.Rijksfac. Landbouwwetensch, vol. 34, 1969 pp. 550-561.
Alphey, J., Hort. Res., 1981, vol. 21, pp. 169-180.
Br uggemann-Rotgans Ingrid E. M.
Diepenhorst Pieter
Mulder Johan G.
Plieger Pieter
B.V. Chemische Pharmaceutische Industrie "Luxan"
Marx Irene
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