Communications: radio wave antennas – Antennas – With radio cabinet
Reexamination Certificate
2001-03-09
2003-08-05
Wong, Don (Department: 2821)
Communications: radio wave antennas
Antennas
With radio cabinet
C343S795000, C343S803000, C343S833000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06603430
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to hand-held wireless communication devices (HHWCDs), such as hand-held data devices, cellular telephones, and the like, having an antenna. In particular, the invention relates to such devices having an antenna system, the antenna system including a parasitic director element. The antenna system can be internal or partially internal to the device. The HHWCDs having antennas according to the present invention may be used for transmitting, receiving or for transmitting and receiving.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
Omnidirectional and near-omnidirectional antennas are used for HHWCDs, including both external and internal types. Examples of such antennas include the following;
a half-wavelength straight wire, mounted externally; and
an asymmetric dipole having a planar radiating half and a second half, wherein the second half includes one of the following:
a quarter-wavelength straight or coiled wire, mounted externally;
a quarter-wavelength planar line resonator, mounted internally; and
a planar inverted-F quarter-wavelength resonator.
Any of the just-described asymmetric dipoles may be employed as the driven element of the antenna system of the present invention.
All of the above antennas exhibit a primarily omnidirectional radiation pattern. Because HHWCDs in use are typically located near the user, a substantial portion of the energy radiating from the antenna is absorbed by the user's body when the above-listed antenna types are used.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A principal object of the invention is to control the antenna radiation pattern of a HHWCD antenna to minimize the energy absorbed by the user's body when the antenna is used for transmitting.
A related object of the invention is to control the antenna radiation pattern of a HHWCD antenna so as to minimize the energy absorbed by the user's body when the antenna is used for transmitting without increasing the size of the HHWCD.
A further object is to increase the energy available on transmit or receive in directions other than toward the user's body.
A related object is to increase the energy available on transmit or receive in directions other than toward the user's body without increasing the size of the HHWCD.
Another object, applicable only to some of the described embodiments, is to provide a simple low-cost internal antenna system for HHWCDs, suitable for high volume manufacturing and eliminating the susceptibility to damage of external antennas.
Another objective of the invention is to use the existing printed wiring board (PWB) or printed circuit board (PCB) of a HHWCD as part of an internal or partly internal antenna system.
Another objective of the invention is to provide a controlled pattern antenna system for single or multiple frequency bands.
According to the teachings of the present invention, HHWCDs have an antenna system comprising an asymmetrical dipole with a planar resonator element or section and a planar radiating element or section, in conjunction with a planar parasitic director element. The asymmetrical dipole constitutes the antenna system's driven element. The parasitic director element is positioned in the HHWCD generally opposite the HHWCD's PWB from the normal location of the user when using the HHWCD so that the resulting antenna pattern has its field generally maximized in the direction away from the user and generally minimized in the direction toward the user. The radiating planar section may be the ground traces of the HHWCD's printed wiring board (PWB). The resonator element may be planar and configured as a meandering or serpentine conductor in order to save space and allow the antenna to be totally internal within the device. Alternatively, the resonator need not be planar and need not be internal. The resonator may be, for example, an essentially quarter-wavelength straight or coiled wire, mounted externally or an essentially quarter-wavelength planar inverted-F. The resonator has negligible radiation because of its configuration. In the case of an internal planar meandering or serpentine conductor, the resonator's conductor may be the conductive printed wiring trace on a PWB dielectric, a metal stamping, or the like. In alternative embodiments of the antenna system, the resonator element may be modified to provide multiple-frequency-band operation and the parasitic director element may be modified to provide multiple-frequency-band operation.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5999140 (1999-12-01), Johnson
patent: 6147653 (2000-11-01), Wallace et al.
patent: 6239765 (2001-05-01), Johnson et al.
patent: 6392599 (2002-05-01), Ganeshmoorthy et al.
patent: 6404394 (2002-06-01), Hill
Hill Robert
Zavala Juan
Chen Shih-Chao
Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P.
Tyco Electronics Logistics AG
Wong Don
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