Halogen-containing polymers provided with an antistatic agent

Details Halogen-containing polymers provided with an antistatic agent Halogen-containing polymers provided with an antistatic agent

1996-06-24

2001-10-30

Mulcahy, Peter D. (Department: 1713)

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...

Reexamination Certificate

active

06310128

ABSTRACT:

The invention relates to halogen-containing polymers, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which have been provided with an antistatic agent, to an additive mixture comprising a polyoxyalkylene and an inorganic salt, and to a process for the preparation of antistatic halogen-containing polymers.
A disadvantage of many polymers and thus also of halogen-containing polymers is their ready electrostatic chargeability; once charges are present, they cannot be dissipated quickly enough owing to the low conductivity. However, in addition to aesthetic reasons, safety aspects frequently require rapid charge dissipation. Examples of problems and hazards which may be mentioned are the following: soiling of polymer surfaces, charging of persons on contact with polymers, production faults due to film webs sticking together, clumping of polymer powders and sparking due to strong charging with subsequent ignition of dust or solvent/air mixtures, which repeatedly results in violent explosions.
Static charging is frequently countered using substances which improve the surface conductivity. However, these substances have the disadvantage of being virtually ineffective at low atmospheric humidity levels, which is why substances are then considered which increase the volume conductivity. However, the known substances for increasing the volume conductivity, for example carbon black or metal powders, adversely affect the mechanical properties of the polymers and cannot be used for transparent polymers. In addition, the requirement for additives to be ecologically acceptable is increasing in frequency.
Further information on antistatic additives and the mechanism of static charging is given, for example, in “Plastics Additives Handbook”, edited by R. Gächter and H. Müller, Hanser Verlag, 3rd Edition, 1990, pages 749-775.
There thus continues to be a demand for an antistatic additive system which simultaneously enables high thermal stabilization. In particular, there is a desire for ecologically acceptable additive systems which are effective even at low atmospheric humidity levels and thus increase, in particular, the volume conductivity of the polymer. It has now been found that certain polyoxyalkylenes in combination with a selected inorganic salt impart an excellent antistatic action and good thermal stability on a halogen-containing polymer.
The invention thus relates to a composition comprising
(a) a halogen-containing polymer,
(b) a polyoxyalkylene of the formula
R
1
—O—[CH(R
3
)—CH
2
—O—]
n
—[CH
2
—[CH(OH)]
p
—CH
2
—O]
q
—[C(O)]
r
—R
2
(I), where
R
1
is H, C
1
-C
24
alkyl, C
2
-C
24
alkenyl, CH
2
═CH—C(O) or CH
2
═CCH
3
—C(O),
R
2
is C
1
-C
24
alkyl, C
2
-C
24
alkenyl, CH
2
—COOH, or N(C
1
-C
8
alkyl)
3
Hal,
R
3
is H or CH
3
,
Hal is Cl, Br or I,
n is a number greater than or equal to 2,
p is a number from 1 to 6, and q and r, independently of one another, are 0 or 1; and
(c) an inorganic salt of the formula {M
z+
a
A
(aZ/b)−
b
}, where
M is a z-valent alkali metal cation, alkaline earth metal cation or zinc cation,
a and b, independently of one another, are a number from 1 to 6, and
A is an anion of an inorganic protic acid or of an organic oxo acid of sulfur;
where the composition contains no ammonium perchlorate.
The halogen-containing polymers are preferably chlorine-containing polymers, for example polymers of vinyl chloride, vinyl resins containing vinyl chloride units in their structure, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids, in particular vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride with esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid and with acrylonitrile, copolymers of vinyl chloride with diene compounds and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride with diethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate or maleic anhydride, postchlorinated polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride with unsaturated aldehydes, ketones and others, such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether and the like; polymers of vinylidene chloride and copolymers thereof with vinyl chloride and other polymerizable compounds; polymers of vinyl chloroacetate and dichlorodivinyl ethers; chlorinated polymers of vinyl acetate, chlorinated polymeric esters of acrylic acid and of alpha-substituted acrylic acid; polymers of chlorinated styrenes, for example dichlorostyrene; chlorinated rubbers; chlorinated polymers of ethylene; polyvinyl dichloride; polymers and postchlorinated polymers of chlorobutadiene and copolymers thereof with vinyl chloride, rubber hydrochloride and chlorinated rubber hydrochloride; and mixtures of said polymers with one another or with other polymerizable compounds.
Also included are the graft polymers of PVC with EVA, ABS and MBS. Preferred substrates also include mixtures of the abovementioned homopolymers and copolymers, in particular vinyl chloride homopolymers, with other thermoplastic and/or elastomeric polymers, in particular blends with ABS, MBS, NBR, SAN, EVA, CPE, MBAS, PMA, PMMA, EPDM and polylactones.
Preference is furthermore given to suspension polymers, bulk polymers and emulsion polymers.
A particularly preferred chlorine-containing polymer is polyvinyl chloride, in particular suspension polymer or bulk polymer.
For the purposes of this invention, PVC is also taken to mean copolymers or graft polymers of PVC with polymerizable compounds, such as acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate or ABS, it being possible for these to be suspension, bulk or emulsion polymers. Preference is given to PVC homopolymer, also in combination with polyacrylates.
The polyoxyalkylenes of the formula
R
1
—O—[CH(R
3
)—CH
2
—O—]
n
—[CH
2
—[CH(OH)]
p
—CH
2
—O]
q
—[C(O)]
r
—R
2
(I), where
R
1
is H, C
1
-C
24
alkyl, C
2
-C
24
alkenyl, CH
2
═CH—C(O) or CH
2
═CCH
3
—C(O),
R
2
is C
1
-C
24
alkyl, C
2
-C
24
alkenyl, CH
2
—COOH, or N(C
1
-C
8
alkyl)
3
Hal,
R
3
is H or CH
3
,
Hal is Cl, Br or I,
n is a number greater than or equal to 2,
p is a number from 1 to 6, and
q and r, independently of one another, are 0 or 1,
which can be used in accordance with the invention as component (b) are known in general terms.
Any C
1
-C
24
alkyl substituents in the compounds of the formula (I) can be radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl and tetracosyl and corresponding branched isomers.
Any C
1
-C
24
alkenyl substituents in the compounds of the formula (I) are derived from the abovementioned alkyl radicals, the double bond preferably being arranged in the centre of the carbon chain. The preferred alkenyl radicals is oleyl. If r is 1, alkenyl R
2
is preferably also CH
2
═CH— or CH
2
═CCH
3
—.
In the compounds of the formula (I), R
1
is preferably H or C
1
-C
4
alkyl, very particularly preferably H.
In the compounds of the formula (I), R
2
is preferably C
6
-C
20
alkyl, C
6
-C
20
alkenyl or N(C
1
-C
8
alkyl)
3
Cl, very particularly preferably C
6
-C
20
alkyl or C
6
-C
20
alkenyl.
In the compounds of the formula (I), Hal is preferably Cl.
In the compounds of the formula (I), n is preferably a number from 2 to 20, very particularly preferably a number from 2 to 14.
In the compounds of the formula (I), p is preferably a number from 2 to 6, very particularly preferably the number 4.
In the compounds of the formula (I), q is preferably the number 0 or 1, very particularly preferably the number 0 and r is preferably the number 1.
Particular preference is given to the polypropylene glycol lauryl ester, polypropylene glycol oleyl ester, polypropylene glycol methyldiethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol lauryl ester, polyethylene glycol oleyl ester, polyethylene glycol oleyl ether, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolauryl ester, polyethylene glycol ste

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