Hair styling composition

Details Hair styling composition Hair styling composition

2000-04-05

2002-01-01

Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Effervescent or pressurized fluid containing

Organic pressurized fluid

C424S045000, C424S070100, C424S070110, C424S070120

Reexamination Certificate

active

06335000

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to hair styling compositions, for example creams, gels and especially aerosol hair styling mousse compositions, which contain cross-linked silicone and which deliver excellent styling as well as sensory feel.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
Style creation products such as hair styling mousses provide human hair with a temporary set which can be removed by water or by shampooing, and function by applying a thin film of a resin or gum onto the hair to adhere adjacent hairs together so that they retain the particular shape or configuration at the time of application.
EP 818 190 describes how an emulsion polymerised silicone material having a particular, defined level of cross-linking, and which is cross-linked in emulsion form can be incorporated into a hair styling composition, such as a mousse, gel or cream, to give a formulation which delivers excellent style creation and longevity, whilst leaving the hair soft and natural. An important feature of these systems is the phase behaviour of the silicone, which is said to form a separate high viscosity aggregated phase in the composition. This phase behaviour is considered to be key to effective style creation.
A problem with “aggregating” systems as described in EP 818 190 is that they can tend to gel and form lumps under conditions of prolonged, high temperature storage.
One solution to this problem is to use a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of at least 14.5, such as those nonionic surfactants of general formula R(EO)x H, where R represents a straight or branched chain alkyl group having an average carbon chain length of 12-18 carbon atoms and x ranges from 30 to 50.
However, some of the above-described nonionic surfactants form particularly stable foams. In the case of hair styling mousse product forms, consumers generally prefer that the foam generated collapses after less than five minutes after discharge, for ease of spreading on the hair. In such instances, this necessitates the use of anti-foaming ingredients in the composition to reduce foaming to a consumer-acceptable level.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that by the use of certain cationic polymers of specified cationic charge density, the silicone materials as described in EP 818 190 may be formulated into systems which do not form a separate high viscosity aggregated phase and yet nevertheless deliver effective style creation. Advantageously, it is not necessary to use high HLB nonionic surfactants with these systems, which allows the formulator greater freedom to formulate the a composition with the desired foam properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a hair styling composition comprising:
(i) from 0.1% to 10% by weight, based on total weight, of a cross-linked silicone polymer, in which the percentage of branched monomer units in the silicone polymer is from 0.05% to 10%;
(ii) from 0.1% to 10% by weight, based on total weight, of a cationic hair styling polymer having a cationic charge density of at least 1 meq/g;
(iii) from 0.01% to 5% by weight, based on total weight, f a surfactant;
(iv) water; and
(v) from 0% to 30% by weight, based on total weight, of an aerosol propellant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Cross-linked Silicone Polymer
The hair styling composition of the invention comprises a cross-linked silicone polymer (i). The silicone polymer will generally be insoluble in the aqueous medium of the hair styling composition and so be present in an emulsified form, with the silicone polymer present as dispersed particles.
Suitable cross-linked silicone polymers include cross-linked polydiorganosiloxanes, in particular cross-linked polydimethylsiloxanes (also termed cross-linked dimethicone). Also suitable for use in hair treatment compositions of the invention are cross-linked polydimethyl siloxanes having hydroxyl end groups (also termed cross-linked dimethiconol).
The cross-linked silicone polymer is present in compositions of the invention in an amount from 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.2% to 6% by weight, most preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight.
The degree of cross-linking of the cross-linked silicone polymer can be measured as the percentage of branched monomer units in the silicone polymer. This value may suitably range from about 0.001% to about 35%, preferably 0.002 to 10%, more preferably 0.003 to 10%, optimally 0.004% to 2%. Increasing cross-linking is found to improve hair styling benefits but also to reduce conditioning performance somewhat, so compromise levels must be selected with properties optimised to suit consumer preferences in different cases. Good overall performance has been obtained with about 0.6% degree of cross-linking (i.e., percentage of branched monomer units)
Cross linking of the silicone polymer may for example be introduced in situ during the polymerisation process which forms the silicone polymer from its constituent monomer units, through the inclusion of the required amount of trifunctional and tetrafunctional silane monomer units, for example, those of formula R Si (OH)
3
wherein R represents an alkyl, alkenyl (e.g. vinyl), alkaryl, aralkyl or aryl (e.g. phenyl) group, preferably methyl.
Alternatively, other types of silicone cross-linking chemistry may be used to produce suitable cross-linked silicone polymers for use in the invention. The cross-linking agents employed in such methods may be organosilicon cross-linking agents, for example as listed in EP 0 473 039, or non-silicone cross-linking agents, for which a representative example is the cross-linked silicone polymer described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,362. The cross linker used here is an alpha, omega aliphatic diene of the following structure: CH
2
═CH(CH
2
)
X
CH═CH
2
, where X ranges from 1-20. A gel is formed by cross-linking and addition of Is-H across double bonds in the alpha, omega-diene.
Further examples of suitable cross-linked silicone polymers for use in the invention include the materials DC 3-2365, ex Dow Corning, and the silicone-urethane copolymer Polyderm PPI-SI-100, ex Akzo Incorporated, Matawan, N.J.
The especially preferred cross-linked silicone polymers for use in compositions of the invention are silicone gums having a slight degree of cross-linking as described in WO 96/31188. These materials can impart fullness, body and volume to hair, as well as good wet and dry conditioning.
Various methods of making emulsions of particles of cross-linked silicone polymers for use in the invention are available and are well known and documented in the art. For example, emulsions may be prepared by high shear mechanical mixing of the silicone polymer and water, or by emulsifying the silicone polymer with water and an emulsifier (mixing the silicone polymer into a heated solution of the emulsifier for instance), or by a combination of mechanical and chemical emulsification. For certain materials such as the cross-linked silicone polymer described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,362, it may be advisable to mix them first with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic diluent such as PPG-2 myristyl ether propionate or cyclomethicone, in order to facilitate the subsequent emulsification step.
A particularly suitable technique for preparation of emulsions of particles of silicone polymers is emulsion polymerisation. Emulsion polymerised silicone polymers as such are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,891,820 (Hyde), U.S. Pat. No. 3,294,725 (Findlay) and U.S. Pat. No. 3,360,491 (Axon).
Suitable emulsion polymerised cross-linked silicone polymers are commercially available or can be readily made using conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
Suitable cross-linked silicone polymer emulsions for use in the invention are commercially available in a pre-emulsified form. This is particularly preferred since the pre-formed emulsion can be incorporated into the hair treatment composition by simple mixing. Pre-formed emulsions are available from suppliers of silicone oils such as Dow Corning, General Electric, Union Carbide, Wacker

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