Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Live hair or scalp treating compositions – Polymer containing
Reexamination Certificate
1995-12-01
2001-09-11
Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Live hair or scalp treating compositions
Polymer containing
C424S070100, C424S070110, C424S070190
Reexamination Certificate
active
06287545
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to hair conditioner compositions which aid in the managing of human hair. More particularly it pertains to compositions which promote hair detangling and fly away and in addition exhibit good freeze-thaw stability.
2. Description of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,825 discloses hair conditioning compositions in the form of an emulsion comprising a volatile agent, a nonionic, water soluble thickening agent, a cationic hair conditioning agent, and water.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,945 describes a stable hair rinse composition consisting essentially of distearyl or ditallow quaternary compound, a C
7
-C
17
alkamido amine, propylene glycol, mineral oil, a C
8
-C
18
alkanol and cyclomethicone in an aqueous vehicle.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,919 claims a stable hair straightening conditioner consisting essentially of a nonionic water-soluble cellulose polymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a di-C
10
-C
22
alkyl di-C
1
-C
3
alkyl quaternary compound, a C
8
-C
18
alkylamido C
2
-C
3
alkyl di-C
1
-C
2
alkyl amine, propylene glycol, mineral oil, a C
8
-C
18
alkanol and cyclomethicone in an aqueous vehicle.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,954,335 teaches a method of imparting improved conditioning properties to hair comprising treating the hair with a clear conditioning composition comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, such as, dicetyldimonium chloride; an amidoamine compound; a volatile conditioning agent, such as, a volatile hydrocarbon compound or a volatile silicone compound, like cyclomethicone; a solubilizing nonionic surfactant, like lauryl pyrrolidone; and a polyhydric compound, such as, a glycol, a triol or a polyol, like hexylene glycol.
It is an object of this invention to improve the freeze-thaw stability of current hair conditioners which comprise aqueous emulsions of quaternary compounds, unctuous compounds and surfactant compounds.
Other objects will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a further reading of the specification.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An improvement in the freeze-thaw stability of hair conditioners in the form of aqueous emulsions which contain combinations of quaternary ammonium salts, unctuous materials—particularly fatty alcohols that serve as conditioning and viscosity agents, surfactants or emulsifiers, and protective colloids or thickening compounds has been made which comprises incorporating therein a combination of high and low HLB ethoxylated branched-chain fatty alcohol ethers or esters as stabilizers, such as isoceteth-20 and isosteareth-2 or dipropylene glycol isoceteth-20 acetate and propylene glycol isoceteth-3 acetate, while maintaining a pH of about 2.0-5.5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hair conditioners formulated with fatty alcohols as conditioning and as primary emulsification and viscosity agents do not normally age well when they are subjected to the freeze-thaw cycles above. Since the fatty alcohols form liquid crystals (spherical or laminar) and entrap water in between the double layers, the water is released when the liquid crystal structures are destroyed by freezing. The undesirable formation of coarse gels is accompanied by significant increases in viscosity. Therefore viscosity measurements of the freeze-thaw samples serves to demonstrate the presence or absence of satisfactory hair conditioning compositions. Satisfactory samples do not gel or evince viscosity changes. In some samples a slight water separation may occur but this is not permanent, disappearing when a plastic bottle container is squeezed causing the water to mix back into the conditioner composition. This phenomenon is therefore not to be interpreted as failing a freeze-thaw test. The Brookfield Viscometer was used for these measurements with various spindles and spindle speeds.
Stability tests were conducted for the hair conditioner compositions in glass or plastic containers at varying temperatures of 49° C., 43° C., 38° C., 4° C., and −18° C.(freezing). Aging the test samples at these five temperatures is done independently from 3 cycles of freeze and thaw aging, viz., −18° C. (24 hours)→25° C. (24 hours)→18° C. (24 hours)→25° C.→−18° C. (24 hours)→25° C. (24 hours). All the aged products were evaluated at 25° C. after completing aging at each condition. The products made by this invention did not have problems after aging at temperatures of 4° C. and above. The hair conditioners provided through this invention remain extremely smooth after three cycles of freeze and thaw with no evidence of water separation.
It has now been found that the freeze-thaw stability of hair conditioner aqueous emulsions containing combinations of quaternary ammonium salts, unctuous materials, surfactants or emulsifiers, and protective colloids or thickening compounds can be improved by incorporating therein a combination of high and low HLB ethoxylated branched-chain fatty alcohol ethers or esters as stabilizers, such as isoceteth-20 and isosteareth-2 or dipropylene glycol isoceteth-20 acetate and propylene glycol isoceteth-3 acetate, while maintaining a pH of about 2.0-5.5.
In a broad sense the stabilizers are poly(oxyalkylene) glycol derivatives produced by the oxyalkylation of a branched-chain fatty alcohol starter with a 1,2-epoxide (e.g. ethylene oxide), which may be followed by further oxyalkylation with another 1,2-epoxide (e.g. 1,2 propylene glycol). The resulting alkyl ether may be terminated with a lower aliphatic acid.
Preferred low HLB stabilizers are those with HLB values of about 2.0 to about 9.0, obtained from oxyalkylation of branched-chain fatty alcohols, such as isocetyl alcohol and isostearyl alcohol, with up to eight moles of ethylene oxide and/or 1,2-propylene oxide. A preferred low HLB stabilizer is isosteareth-2, which is synthesized by ethoxylating isostearyl alcohol with two moles of ethylene oxide. It is available as Arosurf 66 2-E from Sherex Chemical Co. Another preferred low HLB stabilizer is propylene glycol isoceteth-3 acetate, which is synthesized by oxyalkylating isocetyl alcohol with one mole of 1,2-propylene glycol followed by with 3 moles of ethylene oxide and terminated with acetic acid. It is available as Hetester PHA from Bernel Chemical Co.
Preferred high HLB stabilizers are those with HLB values of about 10.0 to about 19.0, obtained from oxyalkylation of branched-chain fatty alcohols, such as isocetyl alcohol and isostearyl alcohol, with more than nine moles of ethylene oxide. A preferred high HLB stabilizer is isoceteth-20, which is synthesized by ethoxylating isocetyl alcohol with twenty moles of ethylene oxide. It is available as Arlasolve 200L from ICI Chemical Co. Another preferred high HLB stabilizer is dipropylene glycol isoceteth-20 acetate, which is synthesized by oxyalkylating isocetyl alcohol with two moles of 1,2-propylene glycol followed by with 20 moles of ethylene oxide and terminated with acetic acid, it is available as Cupl PIC from Bernel Chemical Co. These oxyalkylated branched-chain fatty alcohol ethers and esters are used herein in a range of about 0.01%-3% with a preferred range being from about 0.1-1%. These ethers and esters can be incorporated alone, but preferably they are incorporated as a combination of one low HLB and one high HLB compound. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that the branched-chain fatty alcohols are not confined to isocetyl alcohol and isostearyl alcohol and the ethers and esters include their derivatives which are derived from them.
Both mineral and organic acids can be used to maintain the claimed hair conditioners in a pH range of about 2.0 to about 5.5 and preferably about 3.0 to about 4.5. pH values of about 4 are achieved by the addition of about 0.01-2.0% and preferably about 0.01-1.0% of such hydroxy aliphatic acids as lactic acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, and the like some of which can impart skin or scalp conditioning properties to these hair conditioners. However the invention is not limited to alpha-hydroxy acids.
The hair conditioni
Colgate-Palmolive Company
Crowe Bernard F.
Miano Rosemary M.
Page Thurman K.
Seidleck Brian K.
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