Hair conditioner and 2 in 1 conditioning shampoo

Details Hair conditioner and 2 in 1 conditioning shampoo Hair conditioner and 2 in 1 conditioning shampoo

1999-05-10

2001-07-24

Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Live hair or scalp treating compositions

Two or more designated surfactant containing

C424S070220, C424S070270, C424S070280, C510S119000, C510S124000, C510S129000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06264931

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to hair conditioners and 2-in-1 conditioning shampoos.
2. Background of Related Art
Hair conditioners are widely known and used to impart desirable attributes to human hair. For example, hair treated with conditioners is noticeably smoother and softer to the touch. Additionally, hair conditioners render the hair more rinsable and impart a greater ease of detangling and greater manageability to combing, brushing, and styling.
Cationic surfactants and quaternary ammonium compounds have been used in personal care products to improve the appearance, feeling and health of the treated hair. Cationic surfactants are those in which the surfactant activity resides in the positively charged cation portion of the molecule. The cationic surfactants are therefore attracted to the negatively charged hair surface and, because of their relatively low solubility and high molecular weight, are thermodynamically driven to leave the aqueous environment of the shampoo and deposit on the hair. These characteristics make cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium compounds particularly suited to the treatment of human hair. Thus, many hair conditioning products are based on quaternary ammonium compounds.
Such compounds can have one, two, or three long chain alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen head group. Typically, long chain alkyl groups comprise chain lengths of from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms.
The ability to soften hair and reduce static charge build-up is typically a function of both the carbon atom chain length and the number of chains attached to the nitrogen head group. Generally, the longer the carbon chain and the greater the number of chains the greater the lubricity of the shampoo and static charge neutralization. However, the chance of the hair “matting” and acquiring a greasy and heavy look also increases.
Hair conditioners have often been separate from the shampoo. However, the desire by the consumer for the convenience of personal hair care products having both cleaning and conditioning functions in the same product has increased. Such products are known as 2-in-1 conditioning shampoos. These contain both cleaning and conditioning surfactants. Such conditioning shampoos clean soiled hair and leave a conditioner in the hair at the same time. Thus, it is unnecessary for the consumer to subsequently use a conditioner after using the shampoo.
However, cleaning surfactants are typically anionic, i.e., the surfactant activity resides in the negatively charged anion. Anionic and cationic surfactants are usually incompatible, forming a complex which precipitates from the solution when mixed. It is important that the correct surfactants be employed to prevent interference between the negatively charged cleaning surfactants and the positively charged conditioning surfactants.
One way of accomplishing this is to choose the cationic surfactant such that the positively charged quaternized nitrogen is sufficiently shielded from the negatively charged surfactants and raw materials present within the conditioning shampoo mix. This can be done by using trialkyl quaternary ammonium compounds. Such compounds are known in the art but are difficult to produce and require large amounts of energy and time. Moreover, they degrade relatively slowly in the environment.
What is needed is a formulation providing an effective biodegradable conditioner in a cleaning shampoo at minimal cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Hair conditioning compositions and 2-in-1 conditioning shampoos are provided herein which comprise:
a) a hair conditioning agent of the formula
 wherein X
−
is an anion, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
can be the same or different and are independently straight or branched chain alkyl groups of from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R
4
is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic group having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxy, epoxy or halogen and E
1
, E
2
and E
3
can be the same or different at each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH and aliphatic ester groups of the following formula (II):
wherein R
5
, is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic group of from about 11 to about 24 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with hydroxy, epoxy or halogen, provided that at least one of E
1
, E
2
or E
3
is a group of formula (II), the cationic surfactant being present in the composition at a concentration not exceeding about 4% by weight; and,
b) an anionic surfactant or an anionic
onionic surfactant combination.
The present formulations are superior to cleaning and conditioning shampoo compositions in which the conditioning surfactant is a trialkyl quaternary ammonium compound, and provides enhanced dry combing ability as well as reduced static charge build-up. Moreover, the hair conditioning agents of the present formulations may effectively be used in concentrations significantly below what was hitherto considered the minimum practicable amount.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The hair conditioner and 2-in-1 and conditioning shampoos in accordance with this disclosure contain, inter alia, a cationic surfactant hair conditioning agent possessing aliphatic ester groups. The present formulations provide highly efficient use of the cationic surfactant for hair conditioning.
Generally, the conditioning shampoo formulation described herein contains an aqueous solution of one or more anionic surfactant, one or more cationic surfactant and, optionally, various builders and modifying ingredients.
The cationic surfactant employed as the hair conditioning agent in the present formulation possess the formula:
wherein: X
−
is an anion e.g., selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, nitrite, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, methyl phosphate, acetate, etc.; R
1
, R
2
and R
3
can be the same or different and are independently straight or branched chain alkyl groups of from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms e.g., ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, methylpentyl, hexyl, etc.; R
4
is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxy, epoxy, or halogen; and E
1
, E
2
and E
3
can be the same or different at each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, and aliphatic ester groups of the formula (II):
wherein R
5
is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic group of from about 11 to about 24 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with hydroxy, epoxy, or halogen, provided that at least one of E
1
, E
2
, or E
3
is a group of formula (II).
The foregoing cationic surfactant, a quaternary ammonium compound, is advantageously prepared by reacting a trialkanol amine with a fatty acid or fatty acid ester to provide an esteramine and thereafter reacting the esteramine with an alkylating agent to provide the quaternary ammonium compound.
The alkanol amine is typically chosen from a group of alkanol amines such that there is one hydroxyl function per alkyl group attached to the nitrogen. Thus, the alkanol amine contains three hydroxyl functions per molecule. Suitable alkanol amines include triethanol amine (“TEA”), diethanol isopropanol amine, ethanol diisopropanol amine, diethanol butanol amine, ethanol dibutanol amine, triisopropanol amine, ethanol di-n-propanol amine, diethanol n-propanol amine, and the like.
The aliphatic chain of the fatty acid/ester reactions) can range in length from about 11 to about 24 carbon atoms and can be straight or branched. The aliphatic chains can be fully saturated or they can contain some unsaturation. While unsaturation may lead to some improvement in performance properties and formulation benefits, unsaturated molecules may also have a tendency to oxidize, thereby affecting color and odor stability of the shampoo composition. However, the stability of compositions containing unsaturated components can be improved by

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