Hair care compositions containing polymeric N-vinyl...

Details Hair care compositions containing polymeric N-vinyl... Hair care compositions containing polymeric N-vinyl...

1999-05-19

2003-07-29

Zalukaeva, Tatyana (Department: 1713)

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

Polymers from only ethylenic monomers or processes of...

C526S307100, C526S307300, C424S070110, C424S070160, C424S070310, C424S070130

Reexamination Certificate

active

06599999

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to hair care compositions which comprise a polymer prepared from N-vinyl acetamide monomer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In their most basic form, hair care compositions contain a film-forming resin, typically a polymer. The resin can be applied to the hair in the form of a spray, a gel, a mousse, a rinse, a lotion, a conditioner or a shampoo.
In aerosol hair spray systems, the resin usually is dissolved in an organic solvent, such as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, and delivered via a propellant, which is usually a volatile hydrocarbon. These systems are becoming less desirable due to the consumers' perception that alcohol in hair sprays can dry and damage hair, and due to environmental regulations limiting the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) into the atmosphere. As used herein, a volatile organic compound is an organic compound containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and which has a vapor pressure of at least 0.1 mm Hg at 20° C. There is an on-going effort by the hair care industry to replace VOC with water. However, the inclusion of significant amounts of water in hair fixative compositions has created problems relating to solubility and dispersability of the hair fixative resin in the compositions, to application of the hair fixatives to the hair and to performance of the hair fixative once applied to the hair.
There is a need in the industry for low VOC, aqueous-based, hair fixative compositions and hair fixative polymers which are dispersible or soluble in water, which can be applied readily to the hair, and which provide acceptable hair fixative properties, such as strength, i.e., holding power or stiffness, humidity resistance, film clarity, aesthetics and removability from hair using conventional shampoo and/or water.
One such approach to lower VOC hair fixatives is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,021,238, in the name of Martino et al. Two-phase, aqueous-based, hair-fixing aerosol systems which utilize dimethyl ether as a propellant are disclosed. The system can be shaken to form a semi-stable emulsion or mixture which is stable for a time sufficient for spraying.
Another approach to significantly reducing or totally eliminating VOC in hair fixatives is the use of water-dispersible or water-soluble polymers in an aqueous-based hair fixative gel. Such gels which are available currently utilize poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) or derivatives thereof, such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate) copolymers (PVPNA), as the hair fixative resin contained therein. PVP is very sensitive to water or humidity, which deteriorates the fixative properties. It is desirable, then, to find a water-soluble polymer to replace PVP. The polymer should be less sensitive to water, form clear films upon drying, and provide the hair fixative gels with hair fixative properties which are as good as or better than hair fixative gels which contain PVP as the fixative resin. It recently has been reported that polymers prepared from N-vinyl formamide may be utilized in hair fixative compositions, including gels, mousses, sprays, etc.
Hair conditioning agents are functional additives used in hair care products such as lotions, shampoos, creme rinses, mousses and setting gels to improve the tactile and physical properties of hair. Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds, both mono- and di-functional, low molecular weight quaternary ammonium salts and certain high molecular weight polymers, are employed as conditioning additives in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, creme rinses, mousses, sprays and setting gels to impart wet and dry combability, improve feel, enhance curl retention and impart antistatic properties to hair. The Cosmetics, Toiletries and Fragrances Association (INCl) has established a designation index for compounds employed in cosmetic and toiletry products. Two low molecular weight quatemary ammonium compounds that are commonly used in hair care products because of their low cost are stearylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (INCl designation—stearalkonium chloride) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (INCl designation—cetrimonium chloride).
The high molecular weight, cationic quaternary ammonium polymers (polyquats) are being used increasingly in hair care products because of their reported advantages over the simple quaternary ammonium salts in enhancing wet combability, mending split ends and improving appearance. Commonly used polyquats include: Celquat® (INCl designation—Polyquaternium 10) from National Starch and Chemical Company, a quaternized cellulose; Gafquat® (INCl designation—Polyquaternium 11) from International Specialty Products, a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; and Merquat® 550 (Polyquaternium 7) from Calgon, a homopolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
These quatemary ammonium conditioning additives have in common the quaternary ammonium functional group:
where R
1
through R
4
may be various substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl substituents, or in the case of the polyquats, represent alkylene or arylene segments of a polymer chain. Associated with the positively charged quatemary ammonium nitrogen atom is a negatively charged counterion. This anion, X
−
may be a halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate or similar negatively charged group.
While it is known that certain copolymers prepared from vinyl pyrrolidone or N-vinyl formamide may be used as hair conditioning additives in hair conditioning compositions and as hair fixative resins in hair fixatives, it is desirable to develop new polymers which can be used in such hair care compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to hair care compositions which comprise an essentially non-crosslinked polymer which is prepared from N-vinyl acetamide monomer (NVAM). The polymer may be a homopolymer prepared from NVAM or an interpolymer prepared from NVAM and a vinyl monomer other than the NVAM. The hair care composition also includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of a conditioning agent, an emulsifier, a surfactant, a rheology modifier, a gelling agent, an opacifier, a stabilizer, a preservative, a sequestering agent, a chelating agent, a pearling agent, a clarifying agent, a fragrance, a colorant, a propellant, water and an organic solvent. The polymer is present in amounts effective to provide the inventive hair care composition with hair fixative properties and/or with hair conditioning properties. The invention also relates to methods of treating hair which comprise applying to the hair the hair care compositions of the present invention and, optionally, removing excess hair care composition from the hair.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
NVAM polymerizes to form a nonionic, water-soluble polymer which forms clear, non-tacky films upon drying. The present invention is directed to hair care compositions which utilize water-soluble polymers which are prepared from NVAM. NVAM is available from Showa Denko K.K., Tokyo, Japan. Processes for making NVAM are known to those skilled in the art and are reported in Japanese publications JP 08 81428 and JP 08 134029.
The polymer may be a homopolymer of NVAM or may be an interpolymer prepared from NVAM and at least one vinyl monomer(s) other than the NVAM. Preferably, the interpolymer will be prepared from at least about 10 weight percent of NVAM, with the balance of the vinyl monomer(s). The term “vinyl monomer”, as used herein, refers to vinyl monomers which are copolymerizable with the NVAM and expressly excludes the NVAM. Suitable vinyl monomers include, (a) styrene and derivatives thereof, such as alkyl-substituted styrene, (b) C
1
-C
18
alkyl esters of acrylic acid, (c) C
1
-C
18
alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, (d) vinyl esters of the formula CH
2
═CH—OCOR where R is C
1
-C
18
, (e) alkyl substituted acrylamides and methacrylamides of the formula CH
2
═CR—CONR
1
R
2
where R is H or CH
3
; R
1
is H or C
1
-C
12
and R
2
is C
1
-C
18
, (f) monoesters and diesters of fumaric, itaconic and ma

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