Communications: radio wave antennas – Antennas – Buried underground or submerged under water
Patent
1984-10-09
1989-06-13
Blum, Theodore M.
Communications: radio wave antennas
Antennas
Buried underground or submerged under water
343847, H01Q 104
Patent
active
048396613
ABSTRACT:
A novel underground guided wave antenna system and method. The system comprises at least one substantially linear, electrically insulated radiating element which is buried in the earth so as to lie no more than approximately one skin depth below the earth's surface. The effective electrical length of each radiating element is equal to at least one-third of the wavelength, as measured in the earth, of the electromagnetic signals being propagated; and the effective electrical length of a radiating element may be made greater than its actual physical length, if desired, by providing tree terminations at the ends of such radiating element.
The efficiency of the system can be increased, particularly when operating at high frequencies, by surrounding the radiating elements with a low loss dielectric substance, such as, for example, crushed rock. Preferably, such dielectric substance is configured such that at least a portion of each radiating element adjacent at least one end thereof lies substantially adjacent the earth, while the remaining portions of each radiating element lies substantially adjacent the dielectric substance. In addition, the gain of the system can be significantly increased, while maintaining substantially the same radiation pattern, by forming an underground array comprising a plurality of the above-described radiating elements which are positioned substantially parallel to one another. Significantly, the distance between adjacent radiating elements in such an array can be as small as one-half of the skin depth in the earth of the electromagnetic signals being propagated.
REFERENCES:
patent: 1387736 (1921-08-01), Rogers
patent: 1424365 (1922-08-01), Loftin et al.
patent: 1429240 (1922-09-01), Hanson et al.
patent: 1530129 (1925-03-01), Loftin et al.
patent: 1894244 (1933-01-01), Ruble
patent: 2161044 (1939-06-01), Heintz et al.
patent: 2225668 (1940-12-01), Subkow et al.
patent: 2574733 (1951-11-01), Ehrlich
patent: 2834012 (1958-05-01), Allen
patent: 2842768 (1958-07-01), Halperin
patent: 2989621 (1961-06-01), Barton et al.
patent: 2992325 (1961-07-01), Lehan
patent: 2998516 (1961-08-01), Lehan et al.
patent: 3183510 (1965-05-01), Rawls
patent: 3215937 (1965-11-01), Tanner
patent: 3346864 (1967-10-01), Harmon
patent: 3400402 (1968-09-01), Gallagher et al.
patent: 3577148 (1971-05-01), Holzschuh
patent: 3594798 (1971-07-01), Leydorf et al.
patent: 3775772 (1973-11-01), Carrell
patent: 3803616 (1974-04-01), Kopf et al.
patent: 3867710 (1975-02-01), Busignies
patent: 3967201 (1976-06-01), Rorden
patent: 4511898 (1985-04-01), Bush
patent: 4687445 (1987-08-01), Williams
The Radio Amateur's Handbook, American Radio Relay League, Fiftieth Ed., 1973, pp. 578-581, P.T.O. Scientific Library.
King, Ronald W. P., "The Theory of Linear Antennas with Charts and Tables for Practical Applications", pp. 436, 579-597 (1956).
"Antenna Engineering Handbook", Edited by Henry Jasik, pp. 215-224 (1961).
Guy, A. W. & Hasserjian, G., "Underground Antenna Systems Design Handbook", The Boeing Company Report No. D2-7760 (Nov. 1961) also known as Design Criteria for Buried Antennas (produced under Minuteman Contract No. AF 04(647)-289.
Hasserjian, G. & Guy, A. W., "Low-Frequency Subsurface Antennas", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 225-232 (May, 1963).
Guy, A. W. & Hasserjian, G., "Impedance Properties of Large Subsurface Antenna Arrays", IEEE Tranactions on Antennas and Progagation, pp. 232-240 (May 1963).
Wundt, R., Buried "Traveling-Wave Antennas", Applied Research Laboratory, Sylvania Electronic Systems, Research Report No. 394 (Mar., 1964).
Wolff, Edward A., "Antenna Analysis", pp. 241-267 (1966).
Blake, LaMont V., "Antennas", pp. 209-255 (1966).
Christinsin, Alan S., "More on the Long Haul Inverted L Long Wire", (1976).
Christinsin, Alan S., "The AFWONXX Longwire", (1976).
Christinsin, Alan S., "More on the AFWONXX Sloping Long Wire", (1976).
Christinsin, Alan S., "Theoretical Performance Comparison of Two Tactical Long Wire Type Antennas Over Poor Ground", (1976).
Misek, Victor A., "The Beverage Antenna Handbook", First Edition (1977).
"Antenna Engineering Handbook, Second Edition", edited by Richard C. Johnson and Henry Jasik, pp. 11-18 (1961-1984).
Drumeller, Carl C., "Travelling-Wave Antennas", CQ Magazine, p. 32 (Apr., 1984).
Blake, LaMont V., "Antennas", pp. 209-255 (1984).
Smith, Glenn S., "Annotated Bibliography on Buried Antennas", Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, (Feb., 1986) (produced under Government Contract No. F30602 81-C-0185).
"Notes: Wireless Telegraphy With Invisible Antennae", The Electrician, No. 1,764, p. 1 (Mar. 8, 1912, Great Britain).
Kiebitz, "Recent Experiments on Directive Wireless Telegraphy With Earth Antennae", The Electrician, No. 1,764, pp. 868-870 (Mar. 8, 1912, Great Britain).
The American Radio Relay League, Inc., The A.R.R.L. Antenna Book, pp. 236-237 (1960, U.S.A.).
Biggs et al., "Radiation Fields of an Inclined Electric Dipole Immersed in a Semi-Infinite Conducting Medium", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 306-310 (May, 1963).
Blair, "Experimental Verification of Dipole Radiation in a Conducting Half-Space", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 269-275 (May, 1963).
Chen, "The Small Bare Loop Antenna Immersed in a Dissipative Medium", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 266-269 (May, 1963).
Fenwick et al., "Submerged Antenna Characteristics", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 296-305 (May, 1963).
Hansen, "Radiation and Reception with Buried and Submerged Antennas", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 207-216 (May, 1963).
King et al., "The Complete Electromagnetic Field of a Half-Wave Dipole in a Dissipative Medium", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 275-285 (May, 1963).
Iizuka, "The Circular Loop Antenna Immersed in a Dissipative Medium", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 43-47 (Jan., 1965).
Lavrov, G. et al., Prizemnyye i Podzemnyye Antenny [Near Earth and Buried Antennas], Chapter V, pp. 256-297 (1965, U.S.S.R.) (English translation).
Galejs, Antennas in Inhomogenous Media, vol. 15, p. 71 of Chapter 6 and Section 9.1 of Chapter 9 and Section 10.3 of Chapter 10 (1969).
Lee et al., "Measured Properties of Bare and Insulated Antennas in Sand", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-23, No. 5, pp. 664-670 (Sep., 1975).
Shen et al., "Measured Field of a Directional Antenna Submerged in a Lake", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 891-894 (Nov. 1976).
King et al., "Subsurface Communication Between Dipoles in General Media", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-25, No. 6, pp. 770-775 (Nov., 1977).
Ancona, "On Small Antenna Impedance in Weakly Dissipative Media", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-26, No. 2, pp. 341-343 (Mar., 1978).
Burrel et al., "Pulse Propagation in Lossy Media Using the Low-Frequency Window for Video Pulse Radar Application", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 67, No. 7, pp. 981-990 (Jul., 1979).
King et al., "A Comprehensive Study of Subsurface Propagation from Horizontal Electric Dipoles", IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. GE-18, No. 3, pp. 225-233 (Jul., 1980).
Blum Theodore M.
Eyring Research Institute, Inc.
LandOfFree
Guided wave antenna system and method does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Guided wave antenna system and method, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Guided wave antenna system and method will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1280507