Plants – Rose – Climber
Plant Patent
1999-02-16
2001-12-25
Campell, Bruce R. (Department: 1661)
Plants
Rose
Climber
Plant Patent
active
PP012302
ABSTRACT:
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new and distinct variety of grapevine originated from a hand-pollinated cross of Arkansas Selection 1562 (non-patented)×Arkansas Selection 1704 (non-patented) made in 1985 at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Fruit Substation at Clarksville, Ark. Arkansas Selection 1562 is a seeded, blue-fruited grape with very large, narrow elliptic, non-slipskin (pulp adheres to the flesh) berries with a fruity flavor that ripen near the same date as the instant variety. Arkansas Selection 1704 is a seedless, green or white-fruited grape with medium, oblong and pointed, non-slipskin (pulp adheres to the flesh) berries, that ripen near the same date as the instant variety. Both of the parents of the instant cultivar are hybrids of the grape genus and species
Vitis labrusca
L. and
Vitis vinfera
L. Thus the instant cultivar is also of this two-species genetic background. The seeds resulting from this controlled hybridization were germinated in a greenhouse during the winter of 1985-86. Resulting seedlings were planted in the spring of 1986 in a vineyard on the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station at Clarksville, Ark. The seedlings fruited in the summer of 1988 and one, designated Arkansas 2083, was selected for its attractive yellow-green seedless fruits, fruity flavor, and resistance to fruit cracking.
During 1988, the original plant selection was propagated asexually by rooting hardwood cuttings at Clarksville, Ark. and a test planting of three vines was established. Subsequently, larger test plantings have been established with asexually multiplied vines at two additional locations in Arkansas (Fayetteville, Ark. and Searcy, Ark.). In all propagations, hardwood cuttings were used and the instant cultivar roots readily from hardwood cuttings. All propagules (resulting plants) of the instant cultivar have been observed to be true to type in that during all asexual multiplication, the vegetative and fruit characteristics of the original plant have been maintained. All vines planted from hardwood cutting propagation fruited in the third season of growth in the vineyard after planting.
Test plantings over a wide geographic area in Arkansas have shown this new variety to be widely adapted to differing soil and climatic conditions. It has shown moderate winter hardiness during cold winters, having similar hardiness to the cultivar ‘Venus’ (non-patented), but being less hardy than the cultivars ‘Mars’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,680) and ‘Reliance’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,174). Canes of the new variety mature in the fall at similar time to the cultivar ‘Venus’ but not as early as the cultivar ‘Mars’.
Vines of the new variety have medium to semi-low vigor and a semi-upright growth habit. Vigor, as reflected in dormant pruning weights measured on mature vines, indicated that the instant cultivar was less vigorous than ‘Mars’ and ‘Venus’. Also, vine size as determined on vines growing on a Four-Arm Kniffin trellis with the top wire of this trellis placed at a height of 4 ft. 10 in., indicated a vine height of 6 ft. 2 in. and a vine spread of 3 ft. 0 in. It has produced well as own-rooted plants in all locations tested.
The new variety is moderately resistant to most common fungus diseases of grapevines. Under normal chemical disease control programs, the vines and fruit have demonstrated good freedom from black rot (
Guignardia bidwellii
(Ell.) V. & R.), anthrancnose (
Elsinoe ampelina
(d. By.) Sher), and powdery mildew (
Uncinula necator
Burr.). Susceptibility to downy mildew (
Plasmopora viticola
Berl. & Tomi.) is similar to that of ‘Venus’, and is controllable by the use of available fungicides. The fruit has shown no inclination to split following rains, or powdery mildew infections.
The new variety ripens its fruit in midseason, 16 days later than the early maturing ‘Venus’ cultivar, six days later than ‘Reliance’, and one day earlier than ‘Mars’. The average ripening date in August 4 in central Arkansas. The fruit quality is maintained well on the vine after maturity. Fruit of sound quality for marketing is maintained for up to four weeks on the vines after initial maturity is reached. Berries adhere well to the fruit pedicel and do not shatter from the clusters during this time.
The fruit yellow-green in color at maturity. It is evenly colored with the cluster. The fruit shape is elliptic to slightly ovate. Fruit skins are moderately thick and thinner that those of ‘Venus’. Pulp adheres to the skins of the berry and texture is highly rated. The berries are medium in size (ca. 2.5 g), being larger than ‘Reliance’, similar to ‘Mars’, and smaller than ‘Venus’. The flavor is fruity and sweet, and has been consistently rated high. Soluble solids concentration of the juice at fruit maturity average 19.7% with pH of 3.2. The fruit is of the stenospermocarpic type of seedlessness and only rarely contains small, soft vestigial seed traces that are not noticeable when eaten.
Fruit clusters, borne usually two per shoot, are conical and often have a small shoulder. They are large in size (ca. 345 g), well-filled, and very attractive. Fruit cluster peduncles are medium-long and easy to remove from the supporting shoots during harvest.
The new variety has been named the ‘NEPTUNE’ cultivar.
REFERENCES:
http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/115a/younghemltheory.html#chap3, Aug. 2000.
Clark John Reuben
Moore James Norman
Campell Bruce R.
Grunberg Anne Marie
University of Arkansas
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