Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – From carbohydrate or derivative as a reactant
Patent
1994-12-29
1996-12-03
Nutter, Nathan M.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
From carbohydrate or derivative as a reactant
527313, 527314, C06F25100, C14C 300, B01F 1752, D06P 148
Patent
active
055809413
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to water-soluble, acid-groups-containing graft copolymers which are at least partially biodegradable and are based on sugars and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic and sulfonic acids as well as optional further monomers. The present invention further relates to a process for the production thereof and to their use in aqueous systems. This includes, e.g., inhibiting the negative effects of the water hardness, the dispersive action on pigments, the use in washing liquors and dye baths, as well as the use as auxiliary agents in the manufacture of paper and leather.
In these applications of the water-soluble polymers it is important that multivalent metal ions are complexed, hardness elements of the water are prevented from precipitating or that pigments are dispersed in a high concentration at a low viscosity.
To increase the ecological acceptance of water-soluble polymers, there have been many attempts to manufacture biodegradable products. In general, the polymers technically used in the above-mentioned applications have a low degradability or cannot be degraded at all; in waste water treatment plants a large amount thereof is fixed to the sludge by adsorption and thus eliminated from the aqueous system (cf. H. J. Opgenorth in Tenside Surfactants Detergents 24 (1987) 366-369, "Umweltvertraglichkeit von Polycarboxylaten").
Polysaccharides are perfect polymers with respect to their biodegradability but their application technological properties are insufficient. For this reason, efforts have been made to improve the properties of the polysaccharides by modification; EP 0 427 349 A2, for example, describes the incorporation of carboxyl groups by oxidation.
The calcium-binding capacity of the so modified polysaccharide is improved, however, it fails to come up to the level of synthetic polycarboxylates. On the one hand, the polysaccharide gains calcium binding capacity, on the other hand, it loses part of its original biodegradability. The graft copolymerization of carbohydrates and unsaturated carboxyl-groups-containing monomers provides an alternative to the synthesis of at least partially degradable water-soluble polymers. Copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids with monosaccharides capable of forming enolates in alkaline solutions are known from DE 37 14 732 C2; they are partially biodegradable and their CaCO3-binding ability is said to be within the scope of commercical polyacrylates. Glucose, fructose, mannose, maltose, xylose and galacross are primarily mentioned as useful monosaccharides capable of forming enolates. The production technique is expensive and complicated since the final product of this manufacturing process is the sediment resulting from the acid precipitation but not the original polymer solution. Comparative Example 1 of the present document reveals that the precipitated polymer does not come up in an easily separable solid form but as a slimy, difficultly isolable sediment.
DE 38 34 237 A1 describes the use of sugars which can be produced synthetically from saccharose and fructose--the palatinose and/or leucrose--according to the polymerization procedure of DE 37 14 732 C2. According to the process of the above-mentioned patents or publications of patent applications the use of the low-priced disaccharide--saccharose--, which is technically available in large amounts, is explicitly excluded.
Radically initiated graft copolymers of mono-, oligo- or polysaccharides with a combination of unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids used as detergent additives are known from DE 40 03 172 A1; they are said to be at least partially biodegradable. In addition, the graft polymers are attributed to have a comparable or even superior incrustation-inhibiting action in textile detergents, as compared to that of the known saccharide-free polymers of unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, e.g., described in EP 0 025 551 B1. In addition to their difficult polymerizability, which is sufficiently known to those skilled in the art, the dicarboxylic acids specified a
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patent: 5032659 (1991-07-01), Heidel
patent: 5223171 (1993-06-01), Jost et al.
patent: 5227446 (1993-07-01), Denzinger et al.
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patent: 5326864 (1994-07-01), Besemer et al.
Klimmek Helmut
Krause Frank
Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen GmbH
Nutter Nathan M.
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