Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – From carbohydrate or derivative as a reactant
Patent
1995-02-28
1998-06-02
Nutter, Nathan M.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
From carbohydrate or derivative as a reactant
527312, 527313, 527314, 527315, 525 55, 525 59, C06F25100, C14C 300, B01F 1752, D06P 148
Patent
active
057601542
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to water-soluble, acid groups-containing graft copolymers which are at least partially biodegradable and are based on polyhydroxy compounds and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic and sulfonic acids as well as optional further monomers. The present invention further relates to a process for their production and to their use in aqueous systems. This includes, for example, the inhibition of the negative effects of water hardness, the dispersive action on pigments, the use in washing liquors and dye baths, as well as the use as auxiliary agents in the manufacture of paper and leather.
In these applications of the water-soluble polymers it is important to complex multivalent metal ions, to prevent hardness elements of the water from precipitating, to disperse pigments in a high concentration at a low viscosity, or to suspend soil particles during washing processes and prevent them from redepositing on the fabric.
Since ecological considerations have increasingly come to the fore in recent years, many of the efforts to develop new polymers have focused on their biodegradability. In particular, products whose application and disposal is effected in aqueous systems have been in the center of the interest. In some fields, for example, in the papermaking industry, degradable polymers, such as starches have therefore been used as binders more frequently; in other fields graft polymers of reproductive raw materials, such as starch or sugar, and of synthetic monomers have been developed. However, for many applications there are relatively high technical requirements, and the products based on renewable raw materials cannot meet these standards to the extent the purely synthetic polymers used until today do. An example thereof is the use of the polycarboxylates in mixed sizes for textile fibers; here a mixture of starch and polycarboxylate is frequently used as a compromise between degradability and sizing property.
Another important field of application for water-soluble polymers is the use in detergents and cleaning agents. In the last few years, the development on this sector has been determined by the replacement of polyphosphate constituents which--as is generally known--result in overfertilization of the waters and in the problems known as "eutrophication".
In addition to the primary cleaning effect, polyphosphates have a favorable secondary detergent behavior; they remove alkaline-earth metal ions from the washings, textiles and dirt, prevent precipitations of insoluble alkaline-earth metal salts on the textiles, and maintain the dirt in the washing liquor in suspended condition. In this manner incrustations and redepositions are suppressed even after several wash cycles. At present polycarboxylates, such as polyacrylic acids and acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymers, are used as substitutes for polyphosphates. This is due to their binding capacity for alkaline-earth ions and dispersing power for lime, which are characterized by the so-called Hampshire-test or its Surfactants Detergents 24 (1987) 4!.
In addition to said calcium-binding capacity and dispersive property, the hydrophilic suspending capacity according to K. Schulze, G. Schreier "Die Photometrische Bestimmung des hydrophilen Suspendiervermogens--ein Beitrag zur Beurteilung des Schmutztragevermogens in Waschflotten" (Huls Information, Chemische Werke Huls AG) is of particular importance for washing processes.
The hydrophilic suspending capacity is a standard for the soil-carrying capacity of detergent builders and is determined by turbidity measurements in an iron oxide suspension. The polycarboxylates commercially available at present have a very poor suspending capacity which is 10 to 20 times below that of sodium tripolyphosphate.
The problem of eutrophication could be answered with the use of polycarboxylates. However, biological degradation of these polymers takes place to a very limited extent, the degradation rates cited in literature amounting to between 1 and 10%. Indications to this respect can be found in th
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Klimmek Helmut
Krause Frank
Nutter Nathan M.
Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG
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