Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Organic active compound containing
Patent
1996-11-21
1998-08-25
Clardy, S. Mark
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Organic active compound containing
564294, A01N 2530, A01N 5702, C07C21740
Patent
active
057983100
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application has been filed under 35 USC 371 as the national stage of international application PCT/EP96/01171 filed Mar. 19, 1996.
This invention relates to an agriculturally acceptable glyphosate composition, more particularly to compositions containing a glyphosate herbicide and a surfactant which enhances the herbicidal activity of the glyphosate herbicide. This invention also relates to the use of such compositions to kill or control unwanted and undesired vegetation.
Numerous studies have been made on the effect of additives on the herbicidal action of glyphosate. For example Wyrill and Burnside, Weed Science, Vol. 25 (1977), 275-287, examined solutions containing different classes of surfactant, including polyoxyethylene stearyl methyl ammonium chlorides containing respectively 2 and 15 oxyethylene units. Some classes of surfactant were more effective than others in enhancing the herbicidal effect of glyphosate (used as a solution of the isopropylamine salt), but Wyrill and Burnside concluded that an effective surfactant is a critical component of any glyphosate spray mixture.
Ammonium salts such as ammonium sulphate (Turner and Loader, Weed Research, Vol. 20 (1980), 139-146) and ammonium thiocyanate (U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,034) have also been shown to further enhance the herbicidal activity of glyphosate salt formulations containing surfactants.
EP-A-0 290 416 discloses glyphosate formulations containing alkoxylated amine surfactants, more particularly alkoxylated tallow amine surfactants, and possibly ammonium sulfate. The additives disclosed are said to enhance visibly the glyphosate activity. The formulations disclosed show low irritancy characteristics against ocular tissues, partially due to lower content of surfactant.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,141,905, U.S. Pat. No. 3,123,641 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,123,640 disclose some particular polyoxyalkylated quaternary ammonium surfactants. The use of these types of surfactants in glyphosate compositions is however not disclosed nor suggested. Further, no toxicity or irritancy data in herbicide compositions are disclosed, which could lead the skilled person to test such surfactants with glyphosate herbicide.
British patents No. 1 421 133, 1 462 043, 1 470 618, 1 450 531, 1 453 443, EP-A-0 066 946, WO-87/04595, GB-A-2 113 093, GB-A-2 059 773 and GB-A-2 047 098 disclose quaternary ammonium surfactants in pesticide formulations, but none of them discloses or suggests the compositions of glyphosate herbicide with a quaternary ammonium surfactant(s) which are the subject of the present invention.
European patent No. 0 206 537 discloses the use of Emcol-CC 57, a polypropoxylated quaternary ammonium surfactant, in solid phytoactive glyphosate compositions.
EP-A-0 441 764 discloses herbicidal glyphosate compositions comprising a polypropoxylated quaternary ammonium surfactant having the formula: ##STR3## wherein --EO-- is an ethylene oxide radical and --PO-- is a propylene oxide radical, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a group having the formula (EO).sub.m --H or a group having the formula EO--(PO).sub.m --H; n (in a compound in which R.sup.3 is an alkyl group) or n+m (in a compound in which R.sup.3 is a group having the formula EO--(PO).sub.m --H), has a value of from 2 to 20; and X.sup.-- is a suitable anion and n and m are each independently varying integers. The compositions disclosed are said to be herbicidally effective to a similar extent as were glyphosate compositions comprising ethoxylated fatty amine surfactant considered to be optimum. In addition, such compositions are said to have a low toxicity to fish and to be non-irritant (to skin and eyes).
Herbicidal formulations, however, comprising glyphosate herbicide and a surfactant as specified hereabove, while showing good herbicidal efficacy and a good environmental profile, show a relatively high level of hygroscopicity. This disadvantage is most undesirable, particularly in solid formulations,
REFERENCES:
patent: 3141905 (1964-07-01), Longley
Wyrill et al. "Glyphosate Toxicity to Common Milkweed and Hemp Dogbane as Influenced by Surfactants" Weed Science. 25(3):275-287, May 1977.
Mitchell Robert William
Toussaint Marc Emile
Clardy S. Mark
Monsanto Europe S.A.
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