Cleaning and liquid contact with solids – Processes – Work handled in bulk or groups
Reexamination Certificate
2000-05-25
2003-03-18
Gupta, Yogendra N. (Department: 1751)
Cleaning and liquid contact with solids
Processes
Work handled in bulk or groups
C134S039000, C134S040000, C134S042000, C510S238000, C510S239000, C510S240000, C510S241000, C510S421000, C510S470000, C510S474000, C510S475000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06532973
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Aqueous cleaning compositions exhibit a tendency toward foaming because they contain surface active agents such as soaps, and synthetic detergents. In many instances, such cleaning compositions produce excessive foam and the user must use substances known as anti-foaming agents or defoamers. Some defoamers such as silicones tend to interfere with the function of the cleaning compositions in that unwanted residues are left after the cleaners are wiped off while others are environmentally unacceptable because they are not biodegradable. The unwanted residues are cloudy and reduce the shine or gloss of the surface that has been cleaned.
Alkyl polyglycosides are a class of nonionic surfactants that exhibit significantly higher foaming profiles than other nonionic surfactants, such as alcohol ethoxylates. In fact, it can be said that the foaming tendencies of alkyl polyglycosides more closely resemble those of anionic surfactants, such as alcohol sulfates, than the foaming tendencies of other nonionic surfactants. This higher foaming tendency makes the use of alkyl polyglycosides undesirable for many applications, e.g., cleaning-in-place for food processing plants, high pressure spray cleaning, bottle washing, floor cleaners and automatic dishwashing, wherein high levels of foam interfere with the cleaning and rinsing operation and reduce the efficiency of the operation. The shine or gloss characteristics of alkyl polyglycosides are much better then other surfactants. The residue left behind by the alkyl polyglycosides is generally clear and colorless and reduces the shine of the surface that has just been cleaned by only a few percent.
Low foam nonionics, such as ethoxylated/propoxylated block copolymers, can be used to reduce the foaming properties of alkyl polyglycoside surfactants, but these materials have undesirable properties, e.g., low biodegradability, relatively high aquatic toxicity and poor caustic compatibility.
Accordingly, there is a need for the development of defoamers that do not interfere with the cleaning ability of aqueous cleaning compositions and that are biodegradable, exhibit low aquatic toxicity and good caustic compatibility and do not leave an opaque residue that reduces the shine of the cleaned surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a gloss retention additive containing at least one reaction product of the reaction of a linking agent defined by formula (IV):
R
4
(Y)
3
(IV)
wherein each Y group is a halogen atom or one Y group is a halogen atom and two Y groups with two adjacent carbon atoms in the R
4
group and an oxygen atom form an epoxy group, and R
4
is an alkanetriyl group containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the preferred linking agent being epichlorohydrin; and compounds having the formula (II)
R
3
(EO)
n
(PO)
m
(BO)
p
X (II)
wherein R
3
is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, arenyl group having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms and preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, or a secondary amine having a total of from 1 to 36 carbon atoms and preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or arenyl group having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms and preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; wherein n is a number from 0 to about 50; m is a number from 0 to about 50; wherein X is an alcohol group, a mercaptan group or an amine group; wherein when X is an alcohol group and R
3
is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, or arenyl group, p is a number from 0 to about 50, and preferably from about I to about 50; when X is a mercaptan or an amine group, p is a number from 0 to 50; when R
3
is a secondary amine group, p is a number from 0 to about 50, preferably from about 1 to about 50; wherein the mole ratio of the linking compound (IV) to (II) is from about 0.2/1 to about 5/1, preferably from about 0.4/1 to about 2/1 and more preferably from about 0.6/1 to about 1.4/1, in combination with surfactant systems improves the gloss of substrates it cleans, increases detergency and, in addition, has surprisingly good caustic solubility. It is understood that EO stands for the residue of ethylene oxide and PO stands for the residue of propylene oxide and BO stands for the residue of butylene oxide. The substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or arenyl may contain single or multiple substitutions such as a halogen substitution, for example Cl, Fl, I and Br; a sulfur functionality such as a mercaptan or thio group; a nitrogen functionality such as an amine or amide functionality; a silicon functionality such as a siloxane; an alcohol functionality; an ether functionality or any combination thereof.
More precisely, the compounds of formula 11 have the formula
R
3
(EO)
n
(PO)
m
(BO)
p
X (II)
wherein R
3
is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic oxy or thio group having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms or a secondary amino group having from 2 to 36 carbon atoms; n is a number of from 0 to 50, e.g., from 1 to 50; m is a number of from 0 to 50, e.g., from 1 to 50; p is a number of from 0 to 50, e.g., from 1 to 50; and X is hydrogen, or X can be a mercapto group or an amino group in place of a terminal —OH group, provided that when X is mercapto or amino, the sum of n, m, and p must be at least 1. In general, compounds of formula II wherein the sum of n, m, and p is at least 1, especially at least 2, are preferred. Examples of aliphatic groups when R
3
is an aliphatic oxy or thio group include substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, alkenyl and alkynyl groups having from 2 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, aryl groups having from 6 to 36 carbon atoms, and arenyl groups having from 7 to 36 carbon atoms. When the above groups are substituted groups, the groups can contain single or multiple substitutions such as a halogen substitution, for example Cl, Fl, I and Br; a sulfur functionality such as a mercaptan or thio group; a nitrogen functionality such as an amine or amide functionality; a silicon functionality; or any combination thereof.
When R
3
is a secondary amino group, the group preferably contains from 4 to 22 carbon atoms.
Also, when X is hydrogen p is preferably a number of from 1 to 50. When R
3
is a secondary amino group, p is preferably a number of from 1 to 50.
The mole ratio of the linking compound (IV) to (II) is from about 0.2/1 to about 5/1, preferably from about 0.4/1 to about 2/1 and more preferably from about 0.4/1 to about 1.6/1. The above reaction products in combination with surfactant systems improves the gloss of substrates it cleans, increases detergency and, in addition, has surprisingly good caustic solubility. As discussed above, it is understood that EO stands for the residue of ethylene oxide and PO stands for the residue of propylene oxide and BO stands for the residue of butylene oxide.
A gloss synergy occurs with the aforementioned combination, in that the gloss retention of a cleaned surface is better when the combination of the surfactant and reaction product are used than when either the surfactant or the reaction product is used alone in like quantities. The aforementioned reaction products are added to a surfactant in an amount sufficient to enhance gloss retention and or increase detergency, and are referred to herein as gloss retention additives.
The reaction products have the advantage of being totally dispersible in water, are biodegradable, contain no organic solvents and improve the hard surface detergency of surfactants with which they are used.
The present invention is also directed to a hard surface cleaning composition containing:
(A) an alkyl polyglycoside corresponding to formula I:
R
1
O(R
2
O)
b
(Z)
a
I
wherein R
1
is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R
2
is a divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having
Gross Stephen F.
Morris Timothy C.
Valesky Robert J.
Wiggins Michael S.
Cognis Corporation
Drach John E.
Gupta Yogendra N.
Mruk Brian P.
Trzaska Steven J.
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