Geo-spacial Internet protocol addressing

Details Geo-spacial Internet protocol addressing Geo-spacial Internet protocol addressing

1999-11-02

2001-05-22

Nguyen, Chau (Department: 2663)

Multiplex communications

Communication over free space

Combining or distributing information via time channels

C701S213000, C370S392000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06236652

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention is generally in the field of data communications and more specifically is directed to improved methods of data communications with mobile devices. In particular, the invention includes a dynamic location-based (geo-spacial) Internet addressing scheme that is backward compatible with existing Internet protocols and architectures but provides improved data communications with large numbers of mobile devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Internet
The Internet Protocol (IP) as we know it today was designed during the late 70's when a 32 bit (2
32
or as represented in 4-8 bit messages, e.g. 255.255.255.255 later called Ipv4) message permitted approximately 4.25 billion unique addresses. It was thought at that time this would be more than enough address space to satisfy future needs. IP was still experimental and was focused on by academia and for academia. Personal computers were still a prediction.
By the 90's it was clear that Ipv4 addressing was going to be exhausted, some thought as early as 1995. The result was the commissioning of Ipv6, through the development of a task force called Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). A key charter for this task force was interoperability, forward and backward.
The basic structure of the new addressing scheme is a 128 bit message represented as 8-16 bit messages separated by a colon, and represented in a hex format, (e.g. FFFF:FFFF: . . . in hex, 65535:65535: . . . in dec. and 1111111111111111:1111111111111111: inbinary). The combination of available addresses is approximately 3.4×10
38
unique addresses, enough to certainly take care of network addressing for the next millennium if not the non-foreseeable future.
As part of the IETF scheme, a binary prefix has been set aside (
100
), which represents ⅛ of the available network addressing. This was set aside and made available for geographic-based addressing. Unicast is defined as a resolved or assigned address or a unique identifier for a single interface, i.e. a packet sent to a unicast address is delivered to the interface identified by that address.
TCP/IP represent connection/connectionless protocols in the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model. OSI is a standard reference model for communication between two end users in a network. It is used in developing products and understanding networks. The OSI Reference Model describes seven layers of related functions that are needed at each end when data is sent from one party to another party in a network. An existing network product or program can be described in part by where it fits into this layered structure. For example, TCP/IP is usually packaged with other Internet programs as a suite of products that support communication over the Internet. This suite includes the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), e-mail protocols, and sometimes others.
The OSI model describes the flow of data in a network, any IP network, from the lowest layer (the physical connections i.e. cell phones) up to the layer containing the user's applications. Data going to and from the network is passed layer to layer. Each layer is able to communicate with the layer immediately above it and the layer immediately below it.
The OSI Reference Model includes seven layers:
1. The Application layer represents the level at which applications access network services. This layer represents the services that directly support applications.
2. The Presentation layer translates data from the Application layer into an intermediary format. This layer also manages security issues by providing services such as data encryption, and compresses data so that fewer bits need to be transferred on the network.
3. The Session layer allows two applications on different systems to establish, use, and end a session. This layer establishes dialog control between the two computers in a session, regulating which side transmits, plus when and how long it transmits.
4. The Transport layer handles error recognition and recovery. It also repackages long messages when necessary into small packets for transmission and, at the receiving end, rebuilds packets into the original message. The receiving Transport layer also sends receipt acknowledgments.
5. The Network layer addresses messages and translates logical addresses and names into physical addresses. It also determines the route from the source to the destination computer and manages traffic problems, such as switching, routing, and controlling the audio signals or data.
6. The Data Link layer packages raw bits from the Physical layer into frames (logical, structured packets for data). This layer is responsible for transferring frames from one computer to another, without errors. After sending a frame, it waits for an acknowledgment from the receiving computer.
7. The Physical layer transmits data from one system to another and regulates the transmission of data over a physical medium. This layer defines how the cable is attached to the device and what transmission technique is used to send data over the system.
When two devices communicate on a network, the software at each layer on one system assumes it is communicating with the same layer on the other system. For example, the Transport layer of one system communicates with the Transport layer on the other system. The Transport layer on the first system has no regard for how the communication actually passes through the lower layers of the first system, across the physical media, and then up through the lower layers of the second system.
Although TCP fits well into the Transport layer of OSI and IP into the Network layer, the other programs fit rather loosely (but not neatly within a layer) into the Session, Presentation, and Application layers. In this model, we include only Internet-related programs in the Network and higher layers. OSI can also be applied to other network environments to include voice. A set of communication products that conformed fully to the OSI reference model would fit neatly into each layer.
With the advent of Ipv6 or Ipng, the number of network interfaces can be expanded beyond the network to individual devices. A real time and secure unicast point essentially can be extended to the individual user through a concept called anycast, defined as a communication between a single sender and the nearest of several receivers in a group. The term exists in contradistinction to multicast, communication between a single sender and multiple receivers, and unicast, communication between a single sender and a single receiver in a network. Anycasting is designed to let one host initiate the efficient updating of routing tables for a group of hosts. IPv6 can determine which gateway host is closest and sends the packets to that host as though it were a unicast communication. In turn, that host can anycast to another host in the group until all routing tables are updated.
The anycast allows the unicast interface to now function as a unicast link to the device, its address is unique and its interface is virtual to the Internet backbone. By extending this concept to devices other than classical interface devices, e.g. a computer and network, and by further expanding the addressing scheme, we have created the ability to transfer data, for all intents and purposes, nearly real time and secure. Ipv6, unicast links and anycast are key elements to tunneling protocols, protocols needed to reduce network latency for data transfer.
Relative to the Internet, tunneling is using the Internet as part of a private secure network. The “tunnel” is the particular path that a given message or file might travel through the Internet. A protocol or set of communication rules called Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) has been proposed that would make it possible to create a virtual private network through “tunnels” over the Internet. This would mean that devices would no longer need Independent Service Provider (ISP) support for wide-area communication but could securely use the public

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