Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Plant – seedling – plant seed – or plant part – per se – Higher plant – seedling – plant seed – or plant part
Reexamination Certificate
1998-12-21
2001-09-04
Nelson, Amy J. (Department: 1638)
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part, per se
Higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part
C435S320100, C435S415000, C435S418000, C435S419000, C435S468000, C536S023600, C800S312000, C800S320000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06284948
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to isolated DNA sequences involved in nematode resistance in lants. The invention also relates to methods. for improving the genetic traits for nematode resistance in plants by utilizing such isolated DNA sequences.
BACKGROUND
Plants are continually attacked by a diverse range of phytopathogenic organisms. These organisms cause substantial losses to crops each year. Traditional approaches for control of plant diseases have been the use of chemical treatment and the construction of interspecific hybrids between resistant crops and their wild-type relatives as sources of resistant germplasm. However, envvironmental and economic concerns make chemical pesticides undesirable, while the traditional interspecific breeding is inefficient and often cannot eliminate the undesired traits of the wild species. Thus, the discovery of pest and pathogen-resistant genes provides a new approach to control plant disease.
Several genes responsible for disease resistance have been identified and isolated from plants. See Staskawicz et al. (1995)
Science
268:661-667. Recently, the sugar beet Hs1
Pro-1
gene that confers resistance to the beet cyst nematode was cloned. See Cai et al. (1997)
Science
275:832-834; and Moffat (1997)
Science
275:757. Transformation of plants or plant tissues with the resistance genes can confer disease resistance to susceptible strains. See, for example, PCT Publication WO93/19181; and Cai et al. (1997)
Science
275:832-834.
Nematode infection is prevalent in many crops. For example, soybean cyst nematode (
Heterodera glycines
) is a widespread pest that: causes substantial damage to soybeans every year. Such damage is the result of the stunting of the soybean plant caused by the cyst nematode. The stunted plants have smaller root systems, show symptoms of mineral deficiencies in their leaves, and wilt easily. The soybean cyst nematode is believed to be responsible for yield losses in soybeans that are estimated to be in excess of $500 million per year.
Nematicides such as Aldicarb and its breakdown products are known to be highly toxic to mammals. As a result, government restrictions have been imposed on the use of these chemicals. Thus, there is a great need for the isolation of genes that can provide an effective method of controlling nematodes without causing health and environmental problems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to DNA sequences isolated from soybean and maize. The sequences alone, or in combination with other sequences, confer nematode resistance in a plant. The sequences are useful in methods for the protection of plants from nematodes. Additionally, allelic variants of the resistance gene from a susceptible plant are included. In another aspect of the present invention, expression cassettes and transformation vectors comprising the isolated nucleotide sequences are disclosed. The transformation vectors can be used to transform plants and express the nematode resistance genes in the transformed cells. Plants susceptible to nematode infection can be targeted to confer nematode resistance. The transformed cells as well as the regenerated transgenic plants containing and expressing the isolated DNA and protein sequences are also disclosed.
REFERENCES:
patent: WO 93/19181 (1993-09-01), None
patent: WO 95/20669 (1995-08-01), None
patent: WO 98/12335 (1998-03-01), None
Milligan et al, Plant Cell, vol. 10, pp. 1307-1319, 1998.*
Burrows et al, Pestic. Sci., vol. 52, pp. 176-183, 1998.*
Stam et al, Ann. Bot., vol. 79, pp. 3-12, 1997.*
NAHM, B.H. et al., “Large-Scale Sequencing Analysis ofEST's from Rice Immature Seed”, EMBL Sequence Data Library, Jan. 21, 1998, XP002104922, Accession No. AA753930,Heidelberg, Germany.
Rounsley, S.D. et al., “Arabidopsis Thaliana Chromosome II BAC T28M21 Genomic Sequence”, EMBL Sequence Data Library, 05/20, 1997, XP002104923, Accession No. AF002109,Heidelberg, Germany.
CAI et al., “Positional Cloning of a Gene for Nematode Resistance in Sugar Beet,”Science, Feb. 7, 1997, pp. 832-834. vol. 275, No. 5301, USA.
GenBank Report, Accession No. U79733: CAI et al., “Positional Cloning of a Gene for Nematode Resistance in Sugar Beet,”Science, Feb. 7, 1997, pp. 832-834, vol. 275, No. 5301, USA; CAIet al., Direct Submission, Submitted Nov. 26, 1996.
Jessen Holly J.
Meyer Terry EuClaire
Alston & Bird LLP
Mehta Ashwin
Nelson Amy J.
Pioneer Hi-Bred International , Inc.
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