Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Patent
1996-08-22
1999-07-27
Jones, W. Gary
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
536 243, 435 6, 935 76, 935 77, 935 78, C07H 2102, C07H 2104, C12Q 168, C12N 1500
Patent
active
059292210
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to breeding and use of Coryneform bacteria which are used for the fermentative production of L-amino acids such as L-glutamic acid and L-lysine and other substances, and the use thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
When Coryneform bacteria are cultivated in a medium having a limited amount of biotin, they produce a large amount of L-glutamic acid. On the other hand, when the Coryneform bacteria are cultivated in a medium containing an excess amount of biotin, they do not produce L-glutamic acid. However, it is known that if a surfactant or penicillin is added to a medium containing such an excess amount of biotin, the growth of the bacteria in this medium is inhibited and the bacteria produce a large amount of L-glutamic acid therein.
To make Coryneform bacteria produce L-glutamic acid, any of the following means is effective.
1. The biotin concentration in the medium is made suboptimal. Refer to S. Okumura, T. Tsugawa, T. Tsunoda and A. Kitai, Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi, 36, 197-203 (1962).
2. A surfactant is added to the medium provided that a sufficient amount of biotin is present. Refer to I. Shiio, H. Otsuka and N. Atsuya, J. Biochem., 53, 333-340 (1963); K. Takinami, H. Okada and T. Tsunoda, Agr. Biol. Chem., 27, 853-863 (1963).
3. Penicillin is added to the medium provided that a sufficient amount of biotin is present. Refer to U.S. Pat. No. 3,080,297; Japanese Patent Publication No. 37-1695 (1962); M. Shibui, T. Kurima, S. Okabe and T. Osawa, Amino Acid and Nucleic Acid, 17, 61-65 (1968).
The mechanisms in these means have been considered in the following way.
With respect to L-glutamic acid production by limitation of biotin, the major factor is considered as follows: Biotin is a coenzyme for acetyl-CoA carboxylase for the synthesis of fatty acids and, in addition, unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, and their derivatives have a substitutive effect for biotin. Therefore, biotin will have an influence on the composition of fatty acids constituting the cell membrane, thereby varying the permeability of L-glutamic acid through the cell membrane (I. Shiio, S. Otsuka and M. Takahashi, J. Biochem., 51, 56-62 (1962); I. Shiio, K. Narui, N. Yahaba and M. Takahashi, J. Biochem., 51, 109-111 (1962)).
The production of L-glutamic acid by addition of a surfactant or penicillin has also been considered with reference to the variation in the permeability of L-glutamic acid through the cytoplasmic membrane because of the variation in the structure of cell surface (Shiio, S. Otsuka and N, Katsuya, J. Biochem., 53, 333-340 (1963)).
As mentioned above, the production of L-glutamic acid has been discussed with reference to its permeability through cell membrane, but no finding directly verifying the relationship therebetween has been obtained.
There have been many unclear matters with regard to by what mechanisms the limitation of biotin or the addition of a surfactant or penicillin improves the ability of Coryneform bacteria to produce L-glutamic acid.
In addition, no information on the gene level, which will be an important key factor for clarifying these mechanisms, has been available.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to clarify the mechanism of L-glutamic acid-production possessed by Coryneform bacteria, specifically the function of the surfactant to be added in the mechanism of L-glutamic acid production possessed by Coryneform bacteria, and to breed and improve Coryneform bacteria producing L-glutamic acid and the like on the basis of the information thus obtained.
Specifically, the object of the present invention is to clarify, on the gene level, the mechanisms of L-glutamic acid-production by Coryneform bacteria, to isolate a gene of Coryneform bacteria that participates in surfactant resistance, and to apply the thus-obtained gene to the breeding of L-glutamic acid-producing Coryneform bacteria and to the production of L-glutamic acid and the like by Coryneform bacteria.
The present inventors have intensiv
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Abe Chizu
Kawahara Yoshio
Kimura Eiichiro
Nakamatsu Tsuyoshi
Yoshihara Yasuhiko
Ajinomoto Co. Inc.
Jones W. Gary
Whisenant Ethan
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