Gem substituted hydroxamic acids

Details Gem substituted hydroxamic acids Gem substituted hydroxamic acids

2001-03-27

2003-08-19

Owens, Amelia (Department: 1625)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...

C549S417000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06608104

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to geminal disubstituted cyclic hydroxamic acids and derivatives thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives and to the use of such derivatives in the treatment of arthritis, cancer and other diseases. The present invention also relates to treating arthritis in a mammal, comprising administering to such mammal an effective amount of an inhibitor with potent or differential MMP or reprolysin activity (preferably wherein said inhibitor is selective for Aggrecanase over MMP-1, or MMP-13 and/or Aggrecanase over MMP-1).
The compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of zinc metalloendopeptidases, especially those belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (also called MMP or matrixin) and reprolysin (also known as adamylsin) subfamilies of the metzincins (Rawlings,
et al., Methods in Enzymology,
248, 183-228 (1995) and Stocker,
et al., Protein Science,
4, 823-840 (1995)).
The MMP subfamily of enzymes currently contains seventeen members (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP-13, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-16, MMP-17, MMP-18, MMP-19, MMP-20). The MMP's are most well known for their role in regulating the turn-over of extracellular matrix proteins and as such play important roles in normal physiological processes such as reproduction, development and differentiation. In addition, the MMP's are expressed in many pathological situations in which abnormal connective tissue turnover is occurring. For example, MMP-13 an enzyme with potent activity at degrading type II collagen (the principal collagen in cartilage), has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in osteoarthritic cartilage (Mitchell,
et al., J. Clin. Invest.,
97, 761 (1996)). Other MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12) are also overexpressed in osteoarthritic cartilage and inhibition of some or all of these MMP's is expected to slow or block the accelerated loss of cartilage typical of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
The mammalian reprolysins are known as ADAMs (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase) (Wolfberg,
et al., J. Cell Biol.,
131, 275-278 (1995)) and contain a disintegrin domain in addition to a metalloproteinase-like domain. To date twenty-three distinct ADAM's have been identified.
ADAM-17, also known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), is the most well known ADAM. ADAM-17 (TACE) is responsible for cleavage of cell bound tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-&agr;, also known as cachectin). TNF-&agr; is recognized to be involved in many infectious and autoimmune diseases (W. Friers,
FEBS Letters,
285, 199 (1991)). Furthermore, it has been shown that TNF-&agr; is the prime mediator of the inflammatory response seen in sepsis and septic shock (Spooner,
et al., Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology,
62 S11 (1992)). There are two forms of TNF-&agr;, a type II membrane protein of relative molecular mass 26,000 (26 kD) and a soluble 17 kD form generated from the cell bound protein by specific proteolytic cleavage. The soluble 17 kD form of TNF-&agr; is released by the cell and is associated with the deleterious effects of TNF-&agr;. This form of TNF-&agr; is also capable of acting at sites distant from the site of synthesis. Thus, inhibitors of TACE prevent the formation of soluble TNF-&agr; and prevent the deleterious effects of the soluble factor (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,742 issued Nov. 3, 1998).
Select compounds of the invention are potent inhibitors of Aggrecanase, an enzyme important in the degradation of cartilage aggrecan. Aggrecanase is also believed to be an ADAM. The loss of aggrecan from the cartilage matrix is an important factor in the progression of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and inhibition of Aggrecanase is expected to slow or block the loss of cartilage in these diseases.
Other ADAMs that have shown expression in pathological situations include ADAM TS-1 (Kuno,
et al., J. Biol. Chem.,
272, 556-562 (1997)), and ADAM's 10, 12 and 15 (Wu,
et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.,
235, 437-442, (1997)). As knowledge of the expression, physiological substrates and disease association of the ADAM's increases the full significance of the role of inhibition of this class of enzymes will be appreciated.
The compounds of the present invention are useful in the treatment of diseases in which inhibition of MMP's and/or ADAM's will provide therapeutic benefit, such as those characterized by matrix metalloproteinase or ADAM expression.
The present inventor has also discovered that it is possible to identify inhibitors with differential metalloprotease and reprolysin activity (preferably MMP-13 or Aggrecanase inhibitory activity). One group of preferred inhibitors include those molecules which selectively inhibit Aggrecanase and matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP-13) preferentially over MMP-1. Another group of preferred inhibitors include those molecules which selectively inhibit Aggrecanase preferentially over MMP-1. Another group of preferred inhibitors include those molecules which selectively inhibit MMP-13 preferentially over MMP-1.
Matrix metalloproteinase and reprolysin inhibitors are well known in the literature. Specifically, European Patent Publication 606,046, published Jul. 13, 1994 refers to certain heterocyclic MMP inhibitors. PCT Publication WO 98/08825 and WO 98/08815, both published Mar. 5, 1998, refer to certain cyclic hydroxamic acid MMP inhibitors. U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,510, issued Jan. 19, 1999, refers to cyclic arylsulfonylamino hydroxamic acids that are useful as MMP inhibitors. PCT Publication WO 98/34918, published Aug. 13, 1998, refers to cyclic hydroxamic acids including certain dialkyl substituted compounds that are useful as MMP inhibitors. PCT publications WO 96/27583 and WO 98/07697, published Mar. 7, 1996 and Feb. 26, 1998, respectively, refer to arylsulfonyl hydroxamic acids. PCT publication WO 98/03516, published Jan. 29, 1998, refers to phosphinates with MMP activity. PCT publication 98/33768, published Aug. 6, 1998, refers to N-unsubstituted arylsulfonylamino hydroxamic acids. European Patent Publication EP 935,963, published Aug. 18, 1999 refers to the use of MMP-13 selective inhibitors for the treatment of osteoarthritis. European Patent Publications 949,245; 949,246 and 952,148, published Oct. 13, 1999, Oct. 13, 1999 and Oct. 27, 1999, respectively, refer to methods of preparing hydroxamic acids. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/148464 entitled “Selective Inhibitors of Aggecanase in Osteoarthritis Treatment,” filed Aug. 12, 1999 refers to MMP, Aggrecanase and TACE inhibitors and to additional methods of preparing hydroxamic acids. PCT Publications WO 00/09485 and WO 00/09492, both published Feb. 24, 2000, refer to heterocyclic hydroxamic acids. PCT Publication WO 99/05291, published Feb. 4, 1999, refers to Aggrecanase. Each of the above referenced publications and applications is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a compound of the formula
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
X is oxygen, sulfur, >SO, >SO
2
or >NR
3
;
Z is —OR
11
, —NR
12
R
13
or (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents (preferably zero, one or two substituents, most preferably zero or one substituent) independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, —CN, (C
1
-C
6
) alkyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
6
-C
10
)aryl(C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
1
-C
9
)heteroaryl (C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
2
-C
6
) alkynyl, (C
6
-C
10
)aryl(C
2
-C
6
)alkynyl, (C
1
-C
9
)heteroaryl(C
2
-C
6
)alkynyl, amino, (C
1
-C
6
) alkylamino, [(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl]
2
amino, mercapto, (C
1
-C
6
)alkylthio, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxy, perfluoro(C
1
-C
6
) alkyl, perfluoro(C
1
-C
6
)alkoxy, (C
6
-C
10
)aryl, (C
1
-C
9
)heteroaryl, (C
3
-C
9
)heterocyclic, (C
3
-C
9
)cycloalkyl, (C
6
-C
10
)arylamino, (C
5
-C
10
)arylthio, (C
6
-C
10
)aryloxy, (C
1
-C
9
) heteroar

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