Ordnance – Automatic – Gas piston type
Patent
1998-11-23
2000-09-05
Jordan, Charles T.
Ordnance
Automatic
Gas piston type
89184, 89185, 89194, F41A 500, F41C 300
Patent
active
061126365
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to self-loading pistols and more particularly to self-loading pistols of the gas-operated type.
Self-loading pistols include semi-automatic pistols and automatic pistols in contrast to other types of pistols which do not self-load such as revolvers. Semi-automatic pistols require discrete trigger operations, and automatic pistols continue to fire while the trigger remains depressed.
Self-loading pistols may be recoil-operated or gas-operated. Recoil-operated pistols receive the energy to operate their loading mechanism from the energy of recoil. Gas-operated pistols receive the energy to operate their loading mechanism from the energy derived from the propellant gas pressure in the barrel.
In recoil-operated pistols, the recoil force drives the slidable superstructure of the pistol rearward on a horizontal platform built into a lower frame to extract the spent cartridge case from the firing chamber and eject it from the pistol. The superstructure is then returned to the forward or battery position by a return spring and is adapted to strip the succeeding round from a magazine and insert it into the firing chamber.
Gas-operated pistols generally employ an expansion chamber beneath the barrel connected to the barrel by a passage. On firing the cartridge, propellant gas is bled via the passage into the chamber and the increase in gas pressure moves a piston rearwards. The rearward movement of the piston actuates the unlocking of the breech block from the barrel. Energy is transferred to the breech block. The breech block is able to slide rearward in the frame to extract the spent cartridge case from the firing chamber and eject it from the pistol. It continues the cycle as described for the recoil-operated pistol.
BACKGROUND ART
Self-loading pistols can be divided into a number of types such as pure blowback, delayed blowback, gas-operated, short-recoil-operated and long-recoil-operated.
With pure blowback pistols, the slidable superstructure consists only of a breech block slide. The slide is not locked to the barrel and the barrel is fixed to the frame. Immediately after firing, the recoil force starts to drive the slide rearwards thus commencing the extraction of the spent cartridge case. Thus, part of the extraction occurs during the high pressure period of the firing cycle. If the slide is too light, the case is extracted too soon and case rupture will result, leading to a failure of the loading cycle and possible injury to the user. As a result, the pure blowback type can only be used with low-powered cartridges since there is a practical limit to the mass of the slide. This type, however, is cheap to make and is quite common.
There are also a number of pure blowback pistols which use a gas retarding arrangement attached to the slide. The arrangement reduces the effect of residual gas pressure on the motion of the breech block slide and buffers the stop of the breech block slide.
One such gas retarding arrangement consists of a piston attached to the slide and a cylinder attached to the frame. The cylinder is connected by a passage to the barrel bore. After firing, a small amount of propellant gas is bled into the cylinder. As the slide recoils, the piston attached to the slide compresses the bled propellant gas, thus producing a retarding force.
With delayed blowback pistols, the slidable superstructure comprises a breech block slide but, as well, it has a delaying mechanism. The delaying mechanism is usually based on leverage in order to magnify the effective recoiling mass of the superstructure for a short period, thus reducing the extent of extraction of the spent cartridge case during the high pressure period of the firing cycle.
With many gas-operated pistols, the slidable superstructure comprises a breech block slide, and the pistol has a gas chamber and piston located beneath the barrel. The slide is locked to the barrel and the barrel is fixed to the frame. The gas chamber is connected by a passage to the barrel bore. After firing, the projectile trave
REFERENCES:
patent: 889279 (1908-06-01), Warnant
patent: 970307 (1910-09-01), Clement
patent: 1023966 (1912-04-01), Rosier
patent: 4909129 (1990-03-01), Reynolds
patent: 5581046 (1996-12-01), Weldle et al.
patent: 5939657 (1999-08-01), Morgado
Jordan Charles T.
Thomson Michelle
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