Gas generating agent and gas generator for automobile air bags

Explosive and thermic compositions or charges – Containing hydrazine or hydrazine derivative

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Details

149 77, 149 83, C06B 4708

Patent

active

054606675

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD

The present invention relates to a gas generating agent and gas generator usable for an air bag equipped in a vehicle, such as an automobile or aircraft, to protect human body, in which the generated gas therefrom acts as a working gas in the air bag system.


PRIOR ART

At present, sodium azide has been mainly used in gas generating compositions useful for expansion of air bags. The compositions have no great problem regarding their combustion characteristics and have been widely put to practical uses. Sodium azide, however, essentially has many unfavorable properties. For example, having a high risk of its explosive decomposition and high spark sensitivity comparable to that of black powder, sodium azide is registered as one of B grade explosives in the United States of America and must be handled with great care. Actually, many accidents have occurred worldwide in the process for preparing a composition comprising sodium azide.
Additionally, the reaction of sodium azide with a heavy metal produces an salt having high impact sensitivity. Especially, the reaction with copper produces copper azide having very high impact sensitivity. Since copper metal and its alloys are frequently used in materials for vehicle parts, it may possibly become social problems to scrap air bags as the number of vehicles to be scrapped which are equipped with air bags increases.
Further, sodium azide has many problems in physiological toxicity and many cases concerning this toxicity have been reported: that is, one who had swallowed 0.04 g of sodium azide fell down on the floor while complaining of leg palsy and a violent chest pain which spread over the arms and which was similar to that of angina pectoris; and 39 years old man who had swallowed 0.05 to 0.06 g of sodium azide suddenly fainted with the incontinence of urine after 5 minutes and complained of nausea and a violent headache after 10 minutes.
Furthermore, the reaction of sodium azide with an acid results in the generation of hydrogen azide. This has some common properties with cyanogen or hydrogen sulfide and inhibits cytochrome oxidase. Sodium azide further causes many toxic symptoms, such as marked drop of blood pressure, convulsions, tachycardia followed by bradycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.


PROBLEMS THE INVENTION IS TO SOLVE

The invention provides a gas generating agent usable for air bags of vehicles, which may be easily manufactured and handled because of the inclusion of no sodium azide and wherein the combustion rate may be easily controlled and the combustion stability may be kept, and a gas generator containing the gas generating agent for air bags of vehicles.


MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS

The inventors have made great efforts to solve the abovementioned problems and the invention has been accomplished.
The invention relates to:
(1) a gas generating agent comprising at least one compound (A) selected from the group consisting of maleic hydrazide, carbohydrazide, thiocarbohydrazide and 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone;
(2) a gas generating agent comprising at least one compound (A) selected from the group consisting of maleic hydrazide, carbohydrazide, thiocarbohydrazide and 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, an oxidant and optionally a binder;
(3) the gas generating agent of (2) above, wherein said oxidant is an oxygen acid salt having a cation selected from alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and an anion which does not contain hydrogen;
(4) the gas generating agent of (3) above, wherein said oxygen acid salt is selected from the group consisting of nitrates, nitrites, chlorates and perchlorates;
(5) the gas generating agent of (1), (2), (3) or (4) above, which comprises 10% or more by weight of said compound (A), 90% or less by weight of said oxidant and 0 to 5% by weight of said binder;
(6) the gas generating agent of (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) above, wherein said compound (A) is maleic hydrazide;
(7) the gas generating agent of (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) above, wherein said compound (A) is carbohydrazide;
(8) the gas generating

REFERENCES:
patent: 2970899 (1961-02-01), Ryker et al.
patent: 3929530 (1975-12-01), Niles
patent: 4190471 (1980-02-01), Flynn
patent: 4369079 (1983-01-01), Shaw
patent: 4692269 (1987-09-01), Kmiec et al.
patent: 5197758 (1993-03-01), Lund et al.
J. Buckingham "Dictionary of Organic Compounds" 1987, Chapan & Hall London, GB Supplement 1; Edition 5 p. 181.

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