Plants – Rose – Climber
Plant Patent
1999-06-04
2001-12-11
Campell, Bruce R. (Department: 1661)
Plants
Rose
Climber
Plant Patent
active
PP012272
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of garlic plant, botanically known as
Allium sativum L.
and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name ‘Angelique’.
‘Angelique’ is a product of a planned breeding program which had the objective of creating new garlic cultivars having early harvesting capabilities, high yield potential, regular clove arrangements, healthy plant material and seed-propagated garlic cultivation.
‘Angelique’ was originated from an open pollination made in a controlled breeding program, which began in 1987, in Broek op Langedijk, the Netherlands. The parent lines were unnamed seedlings of Kazakhstan origin. During the breeding program, several selections were made within the progeny of the open pollination.
‘Angelique’ was discovered and selected as one plant growing among the group of selected plants by the inventor, Henk de Groot, in 1993 in a controlled environment in Broek op Langedijk, the Netherlands. Plants of ‘Angelique’ differ from plants of the parental cultivars, unnamed seedlings of Kazakhstan origin, in that foliage of plants of ‘Angelique’ develops quicker and has more volume than plants of the parental cultivars.
The first act of asexual reproduction of ‘Angelique’ was accomplished by the inventor in which cloves were taken from the initial selection in August 1993 in a controlled environment in Broek op Langedijk, the Netherlands. Horticultural examination of asexually reproduced plants of ‘Angelique’ in 1994 has demonstrated that the combination of characteristics as herein disclosed for ‘Angelique’ are firmly fixed and reproduces true to type through successive generations of asexual reproduction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be basic characteristics of ‘Angelique’ which in combination distinguish this garlic as a new and distinct cultivar:
1. Early harvesting of the plant;
2. High yield of bulbs;
3. Healthy vegetation;
4. Presence of flower scape;
5. Distinctive bulb form and size; and
6. Vigorous foliage that develops quicker and has more volume than comparative cultivars.
‘Angelique’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype of the new cultivar may vary significantly with variations in environment such as daylength, temperature, soil condition, humidity, fertilization and date of planting without any change in genotype of the cultivar. The following observations, measurements, and comparisons describe plants grown in Broek op Langedijk, the Netherlands under conditions that approximate those generally used in commercial practice. The age of the plants described is 9 months after planting.
Of the many commercial cultivars known to the present inventor, the most similar in comparison to ‘Angelique’ is ‘Thermidrome’. In comparison to ‘Thermidrome’ (unpatented), ‘Angelique’ has a similar bulb color but demonstrates significant differences in the presence of flower scape, bigger-sized bulbs, vigorous foliage, that develops quicker and has more volume arrangement and size of the cloves, earlier harvesting period and greater plant height.
The following chart represents a comparison, based on Dutch cultivation conditions, of the principle variety characteristics of ‘Angelique’ and 3 main commercial varieties:
‘California
Variety characteristics
‘Thermidrome’
Early’
Emergence speed after
slow
slow
planting
Foliage Aspect
erect
erect
Foliage Color
green
green
Plant Height - normal
60 cm
60 cm
length of the foliage
Plant Height - maximum
85 cm
80 cm
length of the foliage
Strength of the plant
normal
normal
Susceptibility to bolt
no
no
Tendency fpr branching
very light sensitive
insensitive
Earliness (10 is fastest
6
7
variety ‘Melany’;
difference in weeks)
Skin color of the bulb
White
white
Skin color of the cloves
White
white
Yield in gram/bulb
80
80
(average of 2 years)
Yield in ratio to California
100%
100%
Early/Thermidrome
Average number of cloves
10 to 12
10 to 12
per bulb
Clove arrangement
irregular
irregular
Percentage dry matter
40
39
(average of 3 years)
Storability
medium
medium
Variety characteristics
‘Germidour’
Angelique’
Emergence speed after
fast
slow, approximately
planting
8 weeks
Foliage Aspect
bending up to
erect up to
hanging
hanging
Foliage Color
green
green
RHS 137 B for both
upper and lower leaf
surfaces
Plant Height - normal
65 cm
80 cm
length of the foliage
Plant Height - maximum
85 cm
95 cm
length of the foliage
Strength of the plant
normal
normal
Susceptibility to bolt
no
29 weeks
after planting
Tendency fpr branching
insensitive
light sensitive
Earliness (10 is fastest
8
5
variety ‘Melany’;
difference in weeks)
Skin color of the bulb
pink/purple
white
RHS 155 B and
pink striped
Skin color of the cloves
pink/purple
pink
combination of pink
RHS 58 C and
brown RHS 165 D
Yield in gram/bulb
85
105
(average of 2 years)
Yield in ratio to California
105%
130%
Early/Thermidrome
Average number of cloves
9 to 11
7 to 9
per bulb
Clove arrangement
Irregular
regular
Percentage dry matter
39
40
(average of 3 years)
Storability
Medium, 26 weeks
long 35 weeks after
after harvesting
harvesting
In the above chart, susceptibility to bolt was measured by visual observations based upon the inventor's information from the Dutch trial field during the 1996/1997 and 1997/1998 production seasons. Earliness (‘Melany’ is the fastest variety with a value of 10; difference in weeks) indicates that ‘Melany’ (U.S. plant patent application Ser. No. 09/325,778) is considered to be the earliest variety whereby the standard is 10. Therefore, an earliness of 8, as in ‘Germidour’ (unpatented) for example, means that this variety is 2 weeks slower than ‘Melany’. These figures are based upon the inventor's information from the Dutch trial field during the 1996/1997 and 1997/1998 production seasons.
Also, in the above chart, ‘California Early’ (unpatented) and ‘Thermidrome’ are standard cultivars in the U.S. and Europe, respectively, and can be compared with respect to yield (production weight per area). The percentages that are given for Yield in ratio to ‘California Early’/‘Thermidrome’ indicates the relative average yield increase of the new cultivar. Dry matter was measured by means of a drying apparatus in which 25 grams of garlic material per variety was dried for 72 hours at 72° C. The percentage of dry matter was then calculated using the formula: 100×weight of material after drying/weight of same material before drying. To determine an average, this test was repeated five times for each growing season 1996/1997 and 1997/1998. Storability was measured as the relative marketable yield of garlic bulbs after certain storage periods: 4-6-8 months.
Bell Kent L.
Campell Bruce R.
De Groot & Slot Beheer B.V.
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