Metallurgical apparatus – Linings
Patent
1994-06-02
1996-01-23
Kastler, Scott
Metallurgical apparatus
Linings
266286, 264 30, C21B 704
Patent
active
054859867
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a furnace having an inner wall, an outer wall and a heat insulation arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall, to a process for the manufacture of a furnace and to the use of an inorganic foam, which is foamed up, and hardened, from an inorganic hardenable mass, for the insulation of furnaces and as a front material in melting furnaces, holding furnaces and dosing furnaces and for the lining and coating of furnace accessories.
The invention relates in particular to furnaces for molten metals, such as holding furnaces, dosing furnaces and melting furnaces, especially in the field of non-ferrous metals.
Metal-melting furnaces and other furnaces both in the molten-metal field and in the heating and burner field require a highly effective and temperature-resistant insulation. This is necessary for both process engineering reasons and energy-saving reasons.
STATE OF THE ART
In a conventional process for the manufacture of furnaces for molten metals, such as holding furnaces, dosing furnaces and melting furnaces, an outer trough of steel is first made, which is lined on the inside with several successively overlapping layers of insulating panels or mats of, for example, ceramic fibers.
After the insulation has been introduced, internal formwork is inserted to form a space. Into this space between the fiber panel insulation and the inner formwork, a refractory concrete is then cast which, after hardening, represents the inner wall of the furnace.
This application of, for example, insulating fiber panels is extremely labor-intensive, since the fiber panels must, because of the relatively complicated geometry of the furnaces, in each case be cut exactly to size, fitted in and fixed by hand. In practice, not infrequently more than 50% of the total manufacturing costs of such a furnace are represented by this insulation.
Undesired crevices and gaps here also always remain, whereby, on the one hand, the strength of the insulating layer is adversely affected and, on the other hand, thermal bridges are formed which, in addition to the energy losses, can also lead to damage to the furnace structure and, in the event of an escape of molten metal, to accidents.
A further disadvantage of the known furnaces is that, in the event of a crack or other damage to the inner wall, molten metal can pass into the insulation layer, the latter frequently being completely penetrated by the molten metal and hence being made useless. A repair is possible only by complete replacement of the entire insulation and inner wall.
The casting of insulating concrete or other masses is also known. These solutions are very involved from the point of view of processing and very expensive from the point of view of the material. In addition, damage to health can occur during processing.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The invention is based on the object of providing a furnace having thermal insulation arranged between an inner wall and an outer wall, wherein the thermal insulation can be produced simply and inexpensively, has a high strength and avoids the formation of thermal bridges.
A further object of the invention is to provide a furnace for molten metals, having thermal insulation which is resistant to and secure against penetration by liquid molten metals.
Finally, it is a further object of the invention to provide a material for the thermal insulation of metal furnaces, which, in addition to the insulation of the furnace trough, is also suitable able for insulating furnace accessories, such as hoods, covers, lids, runners, stacks, etc.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The essential feature of the invention is that the thermal insulation is foamed up and hardened in situ, that is to say directly in the furnace location which is to be insulated. According to a preferred process for the manufacture of a furnace, the outer wall, for example of steel and the inner wall are first produced-separately in the known manner. The inner wall can be erected in a manner known to those skilled in the art by the
Engels Hans-Werner
Geick Bernd
Randel Peter
Schmidt Gunther
Huls Troisdorf AG
Kastler Scott
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