Furnaces – Refuse incinerator – Refuse supported above grate
Patent
1991-05-08
1993-09-28
Yuen, Henry C.
Furnaces
Refuse incinerator
Refuse supported above grate
110315, 110316, F23L 100
Patent
active
052478920
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns a furnace for biological fuels, i.e. a device for combustion of solid fuels.
More specifically, the invention concerns a furnace for biological fuels, comprising a fuel storage vessel which is closable at its upper portion, a fuel-feed lid at the upper portion of the furnace, and an exhaust gas opening at the bottom of the fuel storage vessel in order to create downwardly directed combustion.
A problem encounted in previously known constructions of the type outlined above is that when the heat extraction is low they emit fumes which are unacceptable from an environmental point of view. In addition, their combustive efficiency is low. This is due e.g. to the fact that it is not possible to control and mix the gas that develops and the air that is supplied for oxygenation purposes in the correct proportions. In addition, furnaces of this kind often are manufactured to operate at a high maximum effect, approximatively 2-3 times the required thermal energy extraction, with the result that they must be fired in batches, with resulting increase of work and efficiency losses.
The main purpose of the subject invention is to eliminate these problems. This is achieved in a furnace in accordance with the invention which is essentially characterized in that the bottom of the fuel storage vessel slopes towards the exhaust-gas opening at an angle which is larger than the angle of repose of the combustion material, in that said exhaust-gas opening which also serves as the burner opening is covered by a draft-air supply means which along a part of its outer periphery extends closely alongside the part of the sloping bottom of the fuel storage vessel that is closest to the burner opening, and in that said draft-air supply means further comprises both downwardly directed draft-air channels which open into the gap formed between the draft-air supply means and the fuel storage vessel bottom, and laterally directed upper draft-air channels, an adjustable supply air fan being provided upstreams of the draft-air supply means.
One embodiment of the invention will be described in closer detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein
FIG. 1 is a central sectional view along line I--I in FIG. 2 through a furnace in accordance with the invention,
FIG. 2 is a corresponding central cross-sectional view along line II--II in FIG. 1 through the lower furnace part, the outer furnace parts having been removed,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line I--I in FIG. 2 and line III--III in FIG. 4 through the draft-air supply means,
FIG. 4 is a sectional view along line II--II in FIG. 1 and line IV--IV in FIG. 3 through the same draft-air supply means, and
FIG. 5 illustrates on an enlarged scale a vertical sectional view through the fuel-feed lid and adjoining parts of the fuel supply opening of the furnace.
The furnace illustrated in the drawing comprises an interior part which is designated generally by numeral 6 and which is made from a heat-resistant material, such as ceramics, and an exterior part 11 enclosing the interior part and containing an exhaust channel system which, together with the water jacket 13 surrounding the exhaust channel system forms a heat-exchange system for extraction of thermal energy from the furnace. Between the interior part 6 and the exterior part 11 is arranged a layer 17 of insulating material. In accordance with the embodiment illustrated, the interior part 6 comprises two moulded sections which are partitioned along plane II-II in FIG. 1. Preferably, these two halves are of symmetrical configuration, having an upper cavity portion 1 forming the fuel storage vessel, and a lower cavity part 7 forming the combustion chamber.
At its lower part the fuel storage vessel presents a sloping bottom which is covered by preferably removable bottom slabs 4, which likewise preferably consist of a ceramics or any other heat-resistant material. The inclination angle of the bottom slabs 4 preferably is equal to or larger than the angle of repose of the fuel material and
REFERENCES:
patent: 2337053 (1943-12-01), Langley
patent: 4441436 (1984-04-01), Hayashi
patent: 4471702 (1984-09-01), McKinlay
patent: 4479481 (1984-10-01), Ingersoll et al.
patent: 4771711 (1988-09-01), Pike
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