Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Carrier-bound or immobilized enzyme or microbial cell;... – Enzyme or microbial cell is immobilized on or in an organic...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-05-30
2004-10-26
Naff, David M. (Department: 1651)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Carrier-bound or immobilized enzyme or microbial cell;...
Enzyme or microbial cell is immobilized on or in an organic...
C424S486000, C435S176000, C435S180000, C436S524000, C436S531000, C436S532000, C530S402000, C530S811000, C530S815000, C530S816000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06808908
ABSTRACT:
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to porous polymeric materials to which chemical or biological moieties have been attached, and methods for making the same.
2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Porous polymeric materials can be used in a variety of applications. Their uses include medical devices that serve as substitute blood vessels, synthetic and intraocular lenses, electrodes, catheters, and extracorporeal devices such as those that are connected to the body to assist in surgery or dialysis. Porous polymeric materials can also be used as filters for the separation of blood into component blood cells and plasma, microfilters for removal of microorganisms from blood, and coatings for opthalmic lenses to prevent endothelial damage upon implantation.
Bonding materials other than polymers to porous polymeric materials can alter the properties of porous polymers. A combination of properties may provide porous polymers suitable for the above mentioned purposes. This combination, however, has been difficult to achieve because of the natural properties of polymers.
The hydrophobic nature of typical polymers, however, has limited the usefulness of porous materials made from them. For example, proteins will often denature when placed in contact with such materials. But contact lenses, implants, and related devices that are in intimate contact with the body must have hydrophilic surfaces that are biologically compatible.
The physical and/or chemical properties of a plastic surface can be changed by adhering or bonding a different material to it. Examples of this technique are disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,897, which is directed to a porous resin membrane, and by U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,493, which is directed to a device with a biocompatible surface. Other examples of surface modification are provided by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,077,215, 5,183,545, and 5,203,997, which disclose the adsorption of anionic and nonionic fluorocarbon surfactants onto the surface of fluorocarbon support members.
Further examples of surface modification can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,263,992, which discloses the adsorption of polymeric chains onto a support member, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,641, which discloses the covalent attachment of a polyalkylimine to an aminated substrate.
Despite the different techniques available for modifying the surface of polymeric materials, most are limited in their ability to control the degree to which a surface is modified, and many are expensive, inefficient, or cannot be use to modify porous surfaces without coating or clogging their pores. A need exists for polymeric materials that can alter their functionality depending upon incorporation of additives and/or post treatment of these additives. The present invention provides new porous polymeric materials and methods of their manufacture that address this need.
3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention encompasses novel porous materials and methods of their manufacture. Materials of the invention comprise a porous substrate to which chemical or biological moieties are bound directly or by a spacer.
A first embodiment of the invention encompasses a material comprising: a porous substrate comprised of a polymer and a functional additive and having a surface, wherein the surface comprises a region defined by at least some of the functional additive; and a biological or chemical moiety covalently or non-covalently bound to the region. In a preferred material encompassed by this embodiment, the surface comprises a plurality of regions defined by at least some of the functional additive, each of which is covalently bound to a chemical or biological moiety.
A second embodiment of the invention encompasses a material comprising: a porous substrate comprised of a polymer and a functional additive and having a surface, wherein the surface comprises a region defined by at least some of the functional additive; a spacer covalently or non-covalently bound to the region; and a biological or chemical moiety covalently or non-covalently bound to the spacer. In a preferred material encompassed by this embodiment, the surface comprises a plurality of regions defined by at least some of the functional additive, each of which is covalently bound a spacer, which in turn is bound to a biological moiety.
Examples of polymers from which materials of the invention can be made include, but are not limited to, polyolefins, polyethers, nylons, polycarbonates, poly(ether sulfones), or mixtures thereof. Polyethers include, but are not limited to, polyether ether ketone (PEEK, poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene)), polyether sulfone (PES), or mixtures thereof. Polyolefins include, but are not limited to, ethylene vinyl acetate; ethylene methyl acrylate; polyethylenes; polypropylenes; ethylene-propylene rubbers; ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers; poly(l-butene); polystyrene; poly(2-butene); poly(1-pentene); poly(2-pentene); poly(3-methyl-1-pentene); poly(4-methyl-1-pentene); 1,2-poly-1,3-butadiene; 1,4-poly-1,3-butadiene; polyisoprene; polychloroprene; poly(vinyl acetate); poly(vinylidene chloride); poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE); poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF); acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS); or mixtures thereof. Preferred polyolefins are polyethylene or polypropylene.
Functional additives are materials that contain functional groups such as, but not limited to, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, anhydride, acyl halide, alkyl halide, aldehyde, alkene, amide, amine, guanidine, malimide, thiol, sulfonate, sulfonic acid, sulfonyl ester, carbodiimide, ester, cyano, epoxide, proline, disulfide, imidazole, imide, imine, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, nitro, or azide. Preferred functional groups are hydroxyl, amine, aldehyde, or carboxylic acid. A particularly preferred functional group is hydroxyl. Examples of functional additives include, but are not limited to, silica powder, silica gel, chopped glass fiber, controlled porous glass (CPG), glass beads, ground glass fiber, glass bubbles, kaolin, alumina oxide, or other inorganic oxides.
Examples of spacers useful in the second embodiment of the invention include, but are not limited to, silanes, functionalized silanes (functional groups such as aldehyde, amino, epoxy, halides, etc.), diamines, alcohols, esters, glycols (such as polyethylene glycol), anhydrides, dialdehydes, terminal difunctionalized polyurethanes, diones, macromer, difunctional and multifunctional polymers with end groups, including, but not limited to, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, aldehyde, or mixtures thereof. In a preferred material, the spacer to which the porous substrate and biological or chemical moiety is attached is of Formula I:
wherein the bond broken by a wavy line are those between the spacer and the substrate or other moieties; R
1
and R
2
each independently is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; R
3
is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic chain or a bond; and n is an integer from about 1 to about 18, preferably, n is an integer from about 1 to about 10, and more preferably from about 2 to about 5.
A variety of chemical and biological moieties can be attached to the porous substrate or spacer of materials of the invention. Examples include, but are not limited to, drugs (e.g., pharmaceuticals), hydrophilic moieties, catalysts, antibiotics, antibodies, antimycotics, carbohydrates, cytokines, enzymes, glycoproteins, lipids, nucleic acids, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, polynucleotides, proteins, peptides, ligand, cells, ribozymes, or combinations thereof.
A specific material of the invention comprises a porous polyethylene substrate having a surface in which a functional additive has been embedded, and a spacer precursor of Formula II covalently attached to at least a portion of said functional additive:
wherein R
1
, R
2
, and R
4
each independently is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; R
3
is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic chain or a bond; X is a group capable of bonding to a biological or chemical moiety, such as OH, NH
Greene, IV George Warren
Li Xingguo
Mao Guoqiang
Yao Li
Jones Day
Naff David M.
Porex Technologies Corporation
LandOfFree
Functionalized porous substrate for binding chemical and... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Functionalized porous substrate for binding chemical and..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Functionalized porous substrate for binding chemical and... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3276839