Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Organic nitrogen compound containing
Patent
1998-06-02
2000-08-08
Howard, Jacqueline V.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Organic nitrogen compound containing
508545, 5253338, 525374, 525379, C10L 122
Patent
active
060996021
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to polyisobutene amines containing fuel or lubricant compositions having a percentage of secondary polyisobutene amines, the amount of the secondary polyisobutene amine being in excess over corresponding primary or tertiary polybutene amines which may be present, a process for the preparation of polyisobutene amine mixtures containing predominantly secondary polyisobutene amines, and also these novel mixtures and the use thereof as fuel or lubicant additives.
EP 0,244,616 reveals the use of polyisobutene amines of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 denotes a polyisobutene radical and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 denote, inter alia, hydrogen, as additives for fuels and lubricants. In the synthesis process described in said reference polyisobutene is hydroformylated in a first stage to produce a polyisobutene aldehyde or a polyisobutene alcohol 200.degree. C. and CO/H.sub.2 pressures of up to 600 bar.
In a second stage the hydrogenative amination to a polyisobutene amine product, which predominantly consists of the primary amine R.sup.1 --CH.sub.2 --NH.sub.2 and, in lesser quantities, of the secondary amine ##STR3## takes place in the presence of ammonia using a suitable catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fuel or lubricant compositions containing this polyisobutene amine product as additive are distinguished by greatly improved application properties, particularly by a detergent action inducive to cleaning of the fine channels of the carburettor, and also the avoidance of deposits on the valves. This guarantees better combustion of the fuel and lower pollutant emmision.
Although the said polyisobutene amine product exhibits excellent application properties, it has been found, surprisingly, that a further improvement of the detergent effect is possible if the fuel and lubricant additives used comprise a polyisobutene amine mixture that contains predominantly secondary polyisobutene amines.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a fuel or lubricant composition that contains effective amounts of at least one secondary polybutene amine of the formula Ia ##STR4## in which R denotes a polyisobutene radical containing from 6 to 45 preferably from 8 to 35, isobutylene units, where up to 20% of the isobutylene units can be replaced by n-butylene units and x stands for the number 1, as represented by the formula I: ##STR5## provided that the amount of the secondary polyisobutene amine is larger than the amount of any primary polyisobutene amine of the formula Ia (x=2) or tertiary polyisobutene amine of the formula Ia (x=0) which may also be present.
The content of the secondary polyisobutene amine is preferably at,least 50 wt %, based on the total content of primary, secondary, and tertiary polyisobutene amines.
In another preferred embodiment, those secondary polyisobutene amines of the formula Ia are used in which the polyisobutene radical exhibits a molecular weight which is less than that of the usual primary polyisobutene amines and accordingly n denotes only the numbers 6 to 20.
Since in the case of the aforementioned prior two-stage method of hydroformylation with subsequent amination the secondary polyisobutene amine is formed in only very small quantities, the invention also relates to a novel process for the preparation of polyisobutene amine mixtures containing predominantly secondary polyisobutene amines of the formula Ia (x=1).
We have now found that mixtures of primary, secondary and tertiary polyisobutene amines containing predominantly, eg 60 wt % of, secondary polyisobutene amines of the formula Ia (x=1) are obtained when the hydroformylation and amination are carried out simultaneously, ie when polyisobutene of the formula II ##STR6## in which R has the meanings defined above and n stands for the numbers 6 to 45, is hydroformylated with CO/H.sub.2 in the presence of at least equivalent amounts, preferably an excess of, in particular, from 1 to 100 equivalents of, ammonia under the action of a rhodium catalyst capable of forming rhodium carbonyl complexes under the r
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Geissler Bernhard
Kneuper Heinz-Josef
Langguth Ernst
Roper Michael
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
Howard Jacqueline V.
Toomer Cephia D.
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