Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – Terminal outlet formed between parts mounted for relative... – Spray fluid pressure responsive discharge modifier
Patent
1996-02-16
1998-11-10
Kashnikow, Andres
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
Terminal outlet formed between parts mounted for relative...
Spray fluid pressure responsive discharge modifier
239507, 23953312, 239584, B05B 132
Patent
active
058331425
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a valve controlled nozzle for the injection of fluid, such as a valve controlled nozzle for the injection of fuel in an internal combustion engine. In this specification, the term "internal combustion engine" is to be understood to include engines having an intermittent combustion cycle such as reciprocating or rotary engines operating on either the two or four stroke cycle.
The characteristics of the fuel spray delivered from an injector nozzle to an internal combustion engine, such as directly into the combustion chamber, have a major effect on the control of the combustion of the fuel, which in turn affects the stability of the operation of the engine, the engine fuel efficiency and the composition of the engine exhaust gases. To optimise these effects, particularly in a spark ignited engine, the desirable characteristics of the fuel spray issuing from the injector nozzle include small fuel droplet size (liquid fuels), controlled spray geometry and in the case of direct injected engines, controlled penetration of the fuel into the combustion chamber. Further, at least at low fuelling rates, a relatively contained and evenly distributed ignitable cloud of fuel vapour in the vicinity of the engine spark plug is desirable.
Some known injector nozzles, used for the delivery of fuel directly into the combustion chamber of an engine, are of the outwardly opening poppet valve type, which deliver the fuel in the form of a cylindrical or divergent conical spray. The nature of the shape of the fuel spray is dependent on a number of factors including the geometry of the port and valve constituting the nozzle, especially the surfaces of the port and valve immediately adjacent the valve seat, where the port and valve engage to seal when the nozzle is closed. Once a nozzle geometry has been selected to give the required performance of the injector nozzle and hence the combustion process, it is important to maintain such geometry otherwise the performance of the engine can be impaired, particularly at low fuelling rates.
The attachment or build-up of solid combustion products or other deposits on the nozzle surfaces over which fuel flows can affect the geometry of the fuel flow path through the open nozzle and can therefore affect the creation of the correct fuel distribution, and hence the combustion process of the engine. The principal cause of build-up on these surfaces is the adhesion thereto of carbon particles or other particles that arise from the combustion of the fuel, including incomplete combustion of residual fuel left on these surfaces between injection cycles. Methods of reducing or controlling such build-up are known as disclosed in the applicant's Australian Patent Application Nos. 36205/89 and 71474/91.
It is known that a hollow spray or fuel plume issuing from a nozzle initially follows a path principally determined by the exit direction and exit velocity of the fuel. It is also known that as the fuel spray advances beyond the delivery end of the injector nozzle, a pressure is created within the area bound by the spray immediately downstream of the nozzle that is lower than the pressure on the outside of fuel spray and which promotes an inward contraction of the spray. This is referred to as "necking".
It has been found that disturbances to the fuel flow issuing from an injector nozzle can significantly influence the shape of the fuel spray or plume, particularly during and subsequent to the necking thereof. Such influences can promote unpredictable deflection and/or dispersion of the fuel, which in turn can adversely affect the combustion process and thus may give rise to an increase in fuel consumption, undesirable levels of exhaust emissions, and also instability in engine operation, particularly during low load operation.
Disturbances that can give rise to such undesirable influences include the presence of irregular deposits on the surfaces defining the injector nozzle exit, such as carbon and other combustion related deposits, eccentricity of the valve and seat compone
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Douglas Lisa Ann
Kashnikow Andres
Orbital Engine Company (Australia) Pty. Limited
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