Fuel injection valve

Details Fuel injection valve Fuel injection valve

1992-01-24

1993-08-10

Kashnikow, Andres

Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing

Electrostatic type

239708, 23953312, 2395851, 123538, F02M 2704, B05B 5025

Patent

active

052341704

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
PRIOR ART

The invention relates to a fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal-combustion engines, of the type defined hereinafter.
Such fuel injection valves, also referred to as fuel injection nozzles, are disclosed, for example, in DE 35 40 660 Al or DE 37 05 848 Al. U.S. application Ser. No. 07/134,718, filed Dec. 18, 1987. The actuation of the valve member is effected by an actuator, which generally comprises an electromagnet and a closing spring which act on the valve member with mutually opposite forces. By means of the duration of the excitation of the electromagnet it is possible to meter with great precision the quantity of fuel injected by means of the fuel injection valve into an intake pipe or directly into the combustion chamber of the internal-combustion engine. For a high utilisation of the fuel, optimum combustion is a precondition and for this, in turn, very good fuel atomization during injection is required. An attempt is made to achieve this by suitable design of the nozzle opening and high injection pressure.
DE 28 50 116 Al discloses an electrostatic atomisation device for the electrostatic atomisation of flowing media, which has a housing through which the medium flows and in which two electrodes are arranged at a distance from one another, the said electrodes being connected to a high voltage of, for example, 100 V to 30 kV. At least one electrode is produced from a material suitable for field emission of electrical charge carriers. Such a material has a large number of fine peaks and/or edges, with the result that, on the one hand, the strong electric fields necessary for field emission are produced at the electrode surface and, on the other hand, a sufficiently large current flows to achieve sufficient charging of the liquid even at high flow rates. One example of a suitable material which may be mentioned is a eutectic mixture of uranium oxide and tungsten, the tungsten here being incorporated in the form of fine fibres into the uranium oxide. The second electrode is preferably produced from platinum, nickel or stainless steel. Emitted charges are picked up by the medium guided through the electric field in the intermediate-electrode space and the medium is thereby electrically charged. This charging has the effect that the medium atomizes after leaving the device. Areas of application given for the electrostatic atomization device are: burners for oil-fired heating systems, spraying equipment for insecticides in agriculture, spraying equipment for applying paints, oils, plastics to objects, injection equipment for fuel in combustion engines.


ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

The fuel injection valve according to the invention, has the advantage that electrostatic charging and the metering of the fuel can be carried out in the fuel injection valve itself. Due to the unipolar electrical charging of the fuel, the latter atomizes owing to the forces acting between the charges. This electrostatic atomization can improve the quality of atomization of the injection valve by bringing about a smaller droplet size and a narrow droplet size distribution. The electrostatic atomization is independent of the structurally determined metering and atomozing function of the fuel injection valve. The energy expenditure required for the electrostatic atomization is low and is typically around 50 to 100 mW. Due to the electrical charging of the droplets, the fuel spray mist opens out automatically after leaving the nozzle opening The spray mist can be influenced by electric and/or magnetic fields, allowing the spray mist to be guided or varied in its shape. Because of the mutual repulsion of the droplets charged with the same sign, droplet coagulation is reduced. The charge on the burning droplets or fuel molecules has a positive influence on the course of combustion. In addition, a reduction in the development of soot can be expected since the charged primary particles of soot coagulate less easily and thus burn better.
The high voltage used for the electrodes is preferably a direct

REFERENCES:
patent: 4051826 (1977-10-01), Richards
patent: 4077374 (1978-03-01), Willmann et al.
patent: 4150644 (1979-04-01), Masaki et al.
patent: 4364342 (1982-12-01), Asik
patent: 4581675 (1986-04-01), Kelly

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