Internal-combustion engines – Combustion chamber means having fuel injection only – Using multiple injectors or injections
Patent
1988-04-28
1989-08-22
Argenbright, Tony M.
Internal-combustion engines
Combustion chamber means having fuel injection only
Using multiple injectors or injections
123301, 123305, F02B 312, F02M 6114, F02M 6302
Patent
active
048585793
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Fuel injection in piston combustion machines using a plurality of injection nozzles is generally employed for the introduction of different fuels, for varying the injection quantity by opening and closing the different nozzles and for uniformly distributing the fuel in the combustion chamber.
The present application is concerned with the pressure/temperature characteristics and the injection conditions which are to be achieved for a direct-injection diesel engine in order to reduce important emissions. A method of operating a diesel engine is proposed and is based on the duothermal process since it is on the basis of this process that reductions in emissions are measured in actual experiments. It should be possible to carry over the knowledge and teachings which are obtained to other applications and procedures.
The increasingly restrictive regulatory emission standards for combustion machines affect diesel engine operation, especially as regards noise and soot particles. The relationship between these two types of emissions will be explained below. With respect to soot particle emissions, problems arise particularly for fuels which are difficult to vaporize. Accordingly, the method steps to be outlined were conceived and performed experimentally for fuels, including vegetable fats, which are difficult to vaporize. For vegetable fats, specifically, it has been found that a series of advantages are obtained once the problem of fuel vaporization is overcome since these developing fuels have a neutral CO.sub.2 balance and do not produce SO.sub.2 or benzol (derivative) emissions.
For diesel engine operation, the object is thus to find a solution which achieves a reduction in soot particle emissions and also limits noise.
In the combustion method which is now provided as a solution, the number of injection nozzles with throttling pins is multiplied so that two or more such nozzles are used with the aim of shortening the mixing process, and hence the injection time. The need for accelerating the mixing process is due to the following: Soot particles are formed because liquid fuel continues to be brought into the combustion chamber even when the combustion procedure is terminating, that is, the conventional injection and mixing times cause liquid, gaseous and burning fuel components to exist concurrently over an extended period. This brings the danger that, to the extent the liquid fuel brought into the ongoing combustion process consists of hydrocarbons, only hydrogen can still be split off in the delayed gas phase while the carbon becomes visible as uncombusted soot.
As a first method step, then, an increase in the mixing speed and a reduction in the injection time are required so that, during injection, the last quantity of liquid fuel brought in vaporizes before the fuel admitted previously has generated such a high combustion temperature that the danger of soot formation exists for the last quantity of fuel. If all of the fuel is in the gas phase before the combustion temperatures become too high, the problem of soot formation is eliminated. When the mixing speed of air and fuel is increased while, on the other hand, the injection time is reduced, a substantial temperature increase of the working air during the injection period is avoided.
If, in addition, as the next important method condition, the combustion zone is concentrated at the center of the existing combustion chamber, the use of a plurality of injection nozzles enables the thus-accelerated mixing procedure to be fully utilized and a very rapid vaporization of the fuel to be achieved In order to prevent the liquid fuel from coming into contact with the combustion zone, it has already been proposed to carry out fuel vaporization at the wall of the combustion chamber, that is, for the fuel to be deposited on the wall of the combustion chamber as a film and to be transferred from there to the combustion chamber air and the combustion zone in vapor form. Although the liquid fuel here does not come into contact with the burning gases, increased CH emis
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patent: 4543930 (1985-10-01), Baker
patent: 4733641 (1988-03-01), Ishida
Broeze, J. J., Combustion in Piston Engines, Publisher: De Technische Uitgeverij H. Stam N.V. (Haarlem-Antwerpen-Keulen), pp. 112-115, no date.
"New Combustion System Reduces Diesel-Engine Noise and Gaseous Emissions", Engineers Digest, vol. 35, No. 8 (Aug. 1974), p. 768.
Elsbett Gunter
Elsbett Klaus
Elsbett Ludwig
Argenbright Tony M.
Kontler Peter K.
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