Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Organic oxidate of indeterminate composition containing
Patent
1996-04-26
1998-06-09
Johnson, Jerry D.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Organic oxidate of indeterminate composition containing
C10L 118, C10L 108, C10L 106
Patent
active
057626553
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns a fuel for internal combustion engines; based on hydrocarbons and additives, and a method of production of a fuel by oxidation.
2. Description of Related Art
The amelioration of fuel qualities by addition of diverse substances is a familiar technique. Thus, e.g., according to DE-PS 582 718, heavy metal salts, namely, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and chromium salts, the condensation products of amines with compounds which contain one or more oxygen groups in addition to a carbonyl group, are added to the fuel in order to improve its knock resistance. In DE-PS 448 620 and DE-PS 455 525, fuels are described which have a content of iron carbonyl or nickel, cobalt and/or molybdenum carbonyl. However, this application has not become popular, because the use of metal carbonyls causes a metal oxide deposit in the combustion chambers. According to DE-PS 801 865, the fuel additives can be toluene, benzene, acetone, trichlorethylene or isobutyl alcohol, besides the metal carbonyls, although the fundamental drawback of metal oxide deposits in the combustion chamber remains the same. DE-AS 1 221 488 describes fuel additives consisting of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, lead tetraethyl or other organometallic compounds and organic compounds having two ester groups. Furthermore, the following organic fuel additives are part of the state of the art: a mixture of an aromatic amine and a polyalkyl phenol is known from DE-PS 845 286; tetraarylhydrazine, diarylnitrosamine and triarylmethyl derivates from DE-PS 505 928; aldehydes, quinones and ketones from DE-PS 612 073; ketones of formula R--CO--R', wherein R represents a ring radical and R' an aliphatic radical with at least 6 C-atoms, from U.S. Pat. No. 2,100,287; hydroquinone in a benzene solution from DE-PS 486 609; ether derivates from DE-PS 703 030; alcohols from DE-PS 843 328; condensation products of alkylene oxides and alkylphenols from DE-PS 19 37 000; anthracene derivates from U.S. Pat. No. 1,885,190 and 1,4-dialkyl-arylamino-anthraquinone from EP 09 095 975 B1. U.S. Pat. No. 1,973,475 describes a method for oxidation of fuels with air or oxygen at elevated temperatures, possible in the presence of a catalyst. DE-PS 699 273 discloses a method of dehydrogenation of nonflammable oils from the boiling range of diesel oils in inflammable oils with oxidizing agents such as air or oxygen, ozone, peroxides, chromic acid or nitric acid at 150.degree.-350.degree. C., possibly at elevated pressure and preferably in presence of a catalyst. The ozonization of fuels is also described in DE-PS 324 294 and DE-PS 553 943. According to DE-PS 324 294, ozonizides such as ethylene ozonide, or a mixture of one of the conventional fuels with an ozonide, are added to the internal combustion engine. The drawback of the method is the instability of the ozonides, so that when kept for a lengthy time the availability of oxygen carriers is necessarily variable, apart from the problems of environmental pollution, which were not known at the time. According to DE-PS 553 943, a mixture of hydrocarbons is ozonized under pressure in the presence of an oxygen carrier, such as nitrobenzene, or an oxygen transfer agent, such as turpentine oil, and slight amounts of ignition-promoting substances.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the present invention is to reduce the emission of pollutants and the consumption of fossil fuels and their derivates. The pollution of the environment by the incomplete combustion sequence in detonation engines with expulsion of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, as well as nitrogen oxide is sufficiently well known. Subsequent catalytic combustion by metal-ceramic catalysts is really only a stopgap measure, because an afterburning basically means the loss of these energy suppliers from the primary energy production process. Therefore, preference should be given to an optimization of the combustion process in the immediate energy-supplying step.
The present inven
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