Fuel consumption optimizer and carbon dioxide emissions reducer

Details Fuel consumption optimizer and carbon dioxide emissions reducer Fuel consumption optimizer and carbon dioxide emissions reducer

1998-09-14

2000-03-14

Kamen, Noah P.

Internal-combustion engines

Charge forming device

Liquid fuel evaporating by submerged air supply

F02M 2300

Patent

active

060358335

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is the national phase of international application PCT/US96/20003 filed Dec. 19, 1996 which designated the U.S.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns internal combustion engines, and more particularly, this invention refers specifically to the optimal reduction of fuel consumption derived from the increase of volumetric and combustion efficiencies, produced by additional air supplied through the intake manifold, while reducing the work and vacuum effort of pistons. All of which allows a simultaneous reduction of fuel and a noticeable power boost. The system is intended to work for most internal combustion engines.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Definition of Terms
A) Internal combustion engines: in general refers to engines that naturally aspirate with a throttle valve controlling and restricting the air flow through the intake manifold and where fuel does not partake in a lubricant function.
B) Any fuel delivery system, for example, carburetor, throttle body injection continuous injection system, multipoint injection, pulsed electronic fuel injection, mixer dosifier of air for natural gas or liquid petroleum gas, diesel direct injection.
C) Any fuel: refers mainly to fuels inflammable by a spark of ignition, such as: gasoline, methanol, ethanol, or gasohol mixtures, natural gas, liquid petroleum gas. In case of any reference to diesel or fuel-oil, we will refer specifically to them.
2. Background Discussion
It is common knowledge that for a conventional combustion engine, the ideal combustion could be defined by the relation between: the maximum amount of energy generated by the minimum amount of fuel mixed with the exact amount of oxygen present in the air-fuel mixture, uniformly distributed in each cylinder to produce the total burning of fuel, while a minimum production of solid residues and polluting emission results. This definition would represent reaching almost 100% efficiency in a combustion process. For the purpose of reaching maximum efficiency and a significant reduction of fuel consumed by internal combustion engines, it is convenient to discriminate the main factors involved in the combustion process as well as the problems and limitations of operational design inherent to engines and how it affects their internal combustion and performance.
3. Oxygen, Essential Factor
In order to burn fuel and for combustion to take place, it is necessary for a carburetant to be present. Specifically, the carburetant is oxygen, which is an indispensable element for enabling combustion to take place. Combustion is an oxidation process where the elements carbon and hydrogen present in the oxidation reaction provide high energy production and harmless byproducts (carbon dioxide and water).
RICH CONDITION--If we work with an excess of fuel and there is not enough oxygen to burn all the fuel, it will result in certain portions of uncombusted fuel, which will form carbon deposits in the combustion chamber and highly toxic emissions such as residual hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide expelled to the environment through the exhaust system. Also, engines will consume a greater amount of inefficient fuel wasted in producing harmful byproducts and not in generating energy.
LEAN CONDITION--Due to the fact that all the oxygen used in internal combustion engines is supplied by atmospheric air with the inconvenience that air can only supply approximately 20% of oxygen together with an unwanted 80% of nitrogen, it would be reasonable to supply excess of air to burn all the fuel entering the combustion chamber. But, the problem is that excess air generates high combustion temperatures and both elements nitrogen and oxygen combine, thereby forming nitrogen oxides (NOx emissions) which are harmful byproducts, key element of smog. Both working conditions (rich and lean) produce harmful emissions contributing to smog formation, in contrast to the clean air desired.
STOICHIOMETRIC RATIO
For today's engines, with the increased emphasis on fuel economy and reduced emissions, the air-fuel ratio

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