Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – With pressure equalizing means for liquid immersion operation
Reexamination Certificate
2005-12-16
2009-08-04
Ryan, Patrick (Department: 1795)
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
With pressure equalizing means for liquid immersion operation
C429S010000, C429S006000, C429S047000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07569297
ABSTRACT:
A membrane electrode assembly for use with a direct organic fuel cell containing a formic acid fuel includes a solid polymer electrolyte having first and second surfaces, an anode on the first surface and a cathode on the second surface and electrically linked to the anode. The solid polymer electrolyte has a thickness t:t≥nfDfCfKfjfcwhere Cfis the formic acid fuel concentration over the anode, Dfis the effective diffusivity of the fuel in the solid polymer electrolyte, Kfis the equilibrium constant for partition coefficient for the fuel into the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, ℑ is Faraday's constant nfis the number of electrons released when1molecule of the fuel is oxidized, and jfcis an empirically determined crossover rate of fuel above which the fuel cell does not operate.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3198666 (1965-08-01), Gruneberg et al.
patent: 3297487 (1967-01-01), Pomeroy et al.
patent: 3506494 (1970-04-01), Adlhart
patent: 3711385 (1973-01-01), Beer
patent: 4039409 (1977-08-01), LaConti et al.
patent: 4081409 (1978-03-01), McNicol et al.
patent: 4127468 (1978-11-01), Alfenaar et al.
patent: 4431750 (1984-02-01), McGinnis et al.
patent: 4447506 (1984-05-01), Luczak et al.
patent: 4457823 (1984-07-01), LaConti et al.
patent: 4457986 (1984-07-01), Bindra et al.
patent: 4478917 (1984-10-01), Fujita et al.
patent: 4493878 (1985-01-01), Horiba et al.
patent: 4797380 (1989-01-01), Motoo et al.
patent: 4806515 (1989-02-01), Luczak et al.
patent: 4822699 (1989-04-01), Wan et al.
patent: 5004424 (1991-04-01), Larminie
patent: 5024905 (1991-06-01), Itoh et al.
patent: 5096866 (1992-03-01), Itoh et al.
patent: 5183713 (1993-02-01), Kunz
patent: 5208207 (1993-05-01), Stonehart et al.
patent: 5225391 (1993-07-01), Stonehart et al.
patent: 5246791 (1993-09-01), Fisher et al.
patent: 5364711 (1994-11-01), Yamada et al.
patent: 5393619 (1995-02-01), Mayer et al.
patent: 5599638 (1997-02-01), Surampudi et al.
patent: 5773162 (1998-06-01), Surampudi et al.
patent: 5856036 (1999-01-01), Smotkin et al.
patent: 5885729 (1999-03-01), Marchetti
patent: 5904740 (1999-05-01), Davis
patent: 6007934 (1999-12-01), Auer et al.
patent: 6020083 (2000-02-01), Breault et al.
patent: 6146782 (2000-11-01), Wendt et al.
patent: 6165635 (2000-12-01), Auer et al.
patent: 6248460 (2001-06-01), Surampudi et al.
patent: 6284402 (2001-09-01), Mallouk et al.
patent: 6326098 (2001-12-01), Itoh et al.
patent: 6387557 (2002-05-01), Krasij et al.
patent: 6432284 (2002-08-01), Narayanan et al.
patent: 6447941 (2002-09-01), Tomimatsu et al.
patent: 6458479 (2002-10-01), Ren et al.
patent: 6492052 (2002-12-01), Ren
patent: 6492147 (2002-12-01), Imamura et al.
patent: 6495278 (2002-12-01), Schmid et al.
patent: 6498121 (2002-12-01), Gorer
patent: 6517965 (2003-02-01), Gorer
patent: 6533827 (2003-03-01), Cisar et al.
patent: 6649300 (2003-11-01), Ito et al.
patent: 6660680 (2003-12-01), Hampden-Smith et al.
patent: 6670301 (2003-12-01), Adzic et al.
patent: 6686308 (2004-02-01), Mao et al.
patent: 6723678 (2004-04-01), Gorer
patent: 6770394 (2004-08-01), Appleby et al.
patent: 6924055 (2005-08-01), Hirsch et al.
patent: 2002/0187374 (2002-12-01), Yamauchi et al.
patent: 2003/0170508 (2003-09-01), Beckmann et al.
patent: 2004/0115518 (2004-06-01), Masel et al.
patent: 1273045 (1972-05-01), None
patent: 1292791 (1972-10-01), None
patent: 01227361 (1988-03-01), None
Papageorgopoulos, D. et al.; “CO Tolerance of Pd Rich Platinum Paladium Carbon Supported Electrocatalysts fro PEMFC Applications”,Journal of the Electrochemical Society, in press, Aug. 2002, pp. 1-22.
Adzic, R. et al.: “Structural Effects in Electrocatalysis”,J. Electroanal. Chem., 1983, pp. 79-88.
Avramov-Ivic, M. et al.; “The electrocatalytic properties of the oxides of noble metals in the electrooxidaton of methanol and formic acid”,Electrochimica Acta, 2001, pp. 3175-3180.
Baldauf, M. et al.; “Formic Acid Oxidation on Ultrathin Pd Films on Au(hkl) and Pt(hkl) Electrodes”,J. Phys. Chem., 1996, pp. 11375-11381.
Becerik, I. et al.; “Electro-oxidation of Formic Acid on Highly Dispersed Platinum and Perchlorate Doped Polypyrrole Electrodes”,Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2001, pp. D49-D54.
Capon, A. et al.; “The Effect of Strong Acid on the Reactions of Hydrogen And Oxygen on the Noble Metals a Study Using Cyclic Voltammetry and a New Teflon Electrode Holder”,Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1972, pp. 275-286.
Capon, A. et al.; “The Oxidation of Formic Acid on Noble Metal Electrodes II. A Comparison Of the Behaviour of Pure Electrodes”,Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1973, pp. 239-254.
Capon, A. et al.; “The Oxidation of Formic Acid on Noble Metal Electrodes III. Intermediates and Mechanism on Platinum Electrodes”,Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1973, pp. 205-231.
Capon, A. et al.; “The Oxidation of Formic Acid on Noble Metal Electrodes IV. Platinum and Palladium Electrodes”,Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1975, pp. 285-305.
Chi, N. et al.; “Electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid by Pt/Co nanoparticles”,Catalysis Lettersvol. 71, No. 1-2, 2001, pp. 21-26.
Clavilier, J. et al.; “Heterogenous electrocatalysis on well defined platinum surfaces modified by controlled amounts of irreversibly absorbed adatoms”, Part I: Formic Acid Oxidation on the Pt (III) -Bi system.J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989, pp. 89-100.
Climent, V. et al.; “Electrocatalysis of formic acid and CO oxidation on antimony-modified Pt(111) electrodes”,Electrochimica Chemistry, 1993, pp. 1403-1414.
El-Shafei, A. et al.; “Electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on Pt binary and ternary electrodes in H3PO4”,Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1993, pp. 159-165.
El-Shafei, A.; “Study of nickel upd at a polycrystalline Pt electrode and its influence on HCOOH oxidation in acidic and nearly neutral media”,Journal of electroanalytical Chemistry, 1998, pp. 81-89.
Fernandez-Vega, A. et al.; “Heterogeneous electrocatalysis on well defined platinum surfaces modified by controlled amounts of irreversibly absorbed adatoms”, Part II: Formic Acid Oxidation on the Pt (100) Sb system.J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989, pp. 101-113.
Gonzalez, M.J. et al.; “Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Small Carbohydrate Fuels at Pt-Sn Modified Electrodes”,J. Phys. Chem. 1998, pp. 9881-9890.
Ha, S. et al.; “A miniature air breathing direct formic acid fuel cell”,Journal of Power Sources, 2004, pp. 119-124.
Ha, S. et al.; “Methanol conditioning for improved performance of acid fuels cells”,Journal of Power Sources, 2002, pp. 655-659.
Harmsen, J. et al.; “Kinetic modeling for wet air oxidation of formic acid on a carbon supported platinum catalyst”,Applied Catalysis, 1997, pp. 499-509.
Hartung, T. et al.; “Catalytic Effects of Hg an Ti Submonolayers on the Electrooxidation of Formic Acid on Pt”,J. Electroanal. Chem., 1986, pp. 135-149.
Herrero, E. et al.; “Oxidation of formic acid on Pt(111) electrodes modified by irreversibly absorbed tellurium”,Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1995, pp. 161-167.
Herrero, E. et al.; “Oxidation of formic acid on Pt(100) electrodes modified by irreversibly absorbed tellurium”,Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1995, pp. 145-154.
Jiang, J. et al.; “Nanostructured platinum as an electrocatalyst for the electrooxidation of formic acid”,Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2002, pp. 64-70.
Beden, B. et al.; “Electrocatalytic Activity of Noble Metals for the Oxidation of Formate in Neutral Medium”,J. Electroanal. Chem., 1979, pp. 127-131.
Llorca, M. et al.; “Formic acid oxidation on Pdad+Pt(100) and Pdad+ Pt(111) electrodes”,Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1994, pp. 151-160.
Ll
Masel Richard I.
Waszczuk Piotr
Wieckowski Andrzej
York Cynthia A.
Greer Burns & Crain Ltd.
Ryan Patrick
The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Wang Eugenia
LandOfFree
Fuel cell membranes and crossover prevention does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Fuel cell membranes and crossover prevention, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Fuel cell membranes and crossover prevention will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4112669