Fuel cell cathode catalyst

Details Fuel cell cathode catalyst Fuel cell cathode catalyst

2008-09-02

2008-09-02

Ryan, Patrick (Department: 1795)

Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and

Having earth feature

C502S101000

Reexamination Certificate

active

10674594

ABSTRACT:
A fuel cell cathode catalyst is provided which comprises nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles. The nanoscopic catalyst particles are made by the alternating application of first and second layers, the first layer comprising platinum and the second layer being an alloy or intimate mixture of iron and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIb metals, Group VIIb metals and Group VIIIb metals other than platinum and iron, where the atomic ratio of iron to the second metal in the second layer is between 0 and 10, where the planar equivalent thickness ratio of the first layer to the second layer is between 0.3 and 5, and wherein the average bilayer planar equivalent thickness of the first and second layers is less than 100 Å.

REFERENCES:
patent: 3969545 (1976-07-01), Slocum
patent: 4148294 (1979-04-01), Scherber et al.
patent: 4155781 (1979-05-01), Diepers
patent: 4209008 (1980-06-01), Lemkey et al.
patent: 4252843 (1981-02-01), Dorer et al.
patent: 4252865 (1981-02-01), Gilbert et al.
patent: 4316944 (1982-02-01), Landsman et al.
patent: 4340276 (1982-07-01), Maffitt et al.
patent: 4396643 (1983-08-01), Kuehn et al.
patent: 4568598 (1986-02-01), Bilkadi et al.
patent: 4812352 (1989-03-01), Debe
patent: 4985386 (1991-01-01), Tsurumi et al.
patent: 5039561 (1991-08-01), Debe
patent: 5079107 (1992-01-01), Jalan
patent: 5138220 (1992-08-01), Kirkpatrick
patent: 5176786 (1993-01-01), Debe
patent: 5336558 (1994-08-01), Debe
patent: 5338430 (1994-08-01), Parsonage et al.
patent: 5593934 (1997-01-01), Stonehart
patent: 5763363 (1998-06-01), Schulz et al.
patent: 5872074 (1999-02-01), Schulz et al.
patent: 5879827 (1999-03-01), Debe et al.
patent: 5879828 (1999-03-01), Debe et al.
patent: 6040077 (2000-03-01), Debe et al.
patent: 6051046 (2000-04-01), Schulz et al.
patent: 6136412 (2000-10-01), Spiewak et al.
patent: 6183668 (2001-02-01), Debe et al.
patent: 6277170 (2001-08-01), Schulz et al.
patent: 6300000 (2001-10-01), Cavalca et al.
patent: 6319293 (2001-11-01), Debe et al.
patent: 6482763 (2002-11-01), Haugen et al.
patent: 2002/0146614 (2002-10-01), Norskov et al.
patent: 0 671 357 (1995-09-01), None
patent: 0 671 357 (1995-09-01), None
patent: 0 827 225 (1998-03-01), None
patent: WO 96/23906 (1996-08-01), None
patent: WO 03/073541 (2003-09-01), None
Sanjeev Mukerjee and Supramaniam Srinivasan; “Enhanced Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction on Platinum Alloys in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells”,Journal of the Electroanalytical Chemistry, Lausanne, CH, vol. 357, 1993, pp. 201-224.
U. A. Paulus, A. Wokaun, G. g. Scherer, T. J. Schmidt, V. Stamenkovic, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross; “Oxygen Reduction on High Surface Area Pt-based Alloy Catalysts in Comparison to Well Defined Smooth Bulk Alloy Electrodes”,Electrochimica Acta, Elsevier Science Publishers, Barking, GB, vol. 47, No. 22-23, Aug. 30, 2002, pp. 3787-3798.
A. K. Shukla, M. Neergat, Parthasarathi Bera, V. Jayaram, and M. S. Hegde; “An XPS Study on Binary and Ternary Alloys of Transition Metals With Platinized Carbon and Its Bearing Upon Oxygen Electroreduction in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells”,Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 504, No. 1, 2001, pp. 111-119.
Takako Toda, Hiroshi Igarashi, Hiroyuki Uchida, and Masahiro Watanabe; “Enhancement of the Electroreduction of Oxygen on Pt Alloys With Fe, Ni, and Co”,Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 146, No. 10, Oct. 1999, pp. 3750-3756.
A. Lima, C. Coutanceau, J. M. Leger, and C. Lamy; “Investigation of Temary Catalysts for Methanol Electrooxidation”,Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Chapman and Hall. London, GB, vol. 31, 2001, pp. 379-386.
Peter Strasser, Qun Fan, Martin Devenney, and W. Henry Weinberg; “High Throughput Experimental and Theoretical Predictive Screening of Materials—A Comparative Study of Search Strategies for New Fuel Cell Anode Catalysts”,Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 107, No. 40, Sep. 17, 2003, pp. 11013-11021.
N. M. Markovic, T. J. Schmidt, V. Stamenkovic, and P. N. Ross, “Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt and Pt Bimetallic Surfaces: A Selective Review”, Fuel Cells 2001, vol. 1, No. 2., pp. 105-116.
U. A. Paulus, A. Wokaun, and G. G. Scherer, T. J. Schmidt, V. Stamenkovic, V. Radmilovic, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross; “Oxygen Reduction on Carbon-Supported Pt-Ni and Pt-Co Alloy Catalysts”, J. Phys. Chem. B, Apr. 25, 2002, vol. 106, No. 106, pp. 4181-4191.
J. McBreen and S. Mukerjee: “In SituX-RayAbsorption Studies of Carbon Supported Pt and Pt Alloy Nanoparticles”in A. Wieckowski ed.: Interfacial Electrochemistry, M. Dekker, 1999, pp. 895-914.
M. Watanabe, H. Uchida, Y. Matsuura; “Experimental Analysis: The Role Of The Electronic Structure Change By Pt-Alloying In The Fuel Cell Reactions”, Keynote Lecture at 4thInternational Conference on Electrocatalysis, Clean Energy Research Center, Yamanashi University, Takeda 4, Kofu 400-8510, Japan, Sep. 23-25, 2002, Como, Italy, (Abstract) K16.
G.M .Chow, W.B. Stockton, R. Price, S. Baral, A.C. Ting, B.R. Ratna, P.E. Shoen, and J.M. Schnur, G.L. Bergeron, M.A. Czarnaski, J.J. Hickman, and D. A. Kirkpatrick; “Fabrication Of Biologically Based Microstructure Composites For Vacuum Field Emission”; Materials Science and Engineering, A158, (1992), pp. 1-6.
K. K. Kam, M, K. Debe, R. J. Poirier, and A. R. Drube; “Summary Abstract: Dramatic Variation Of The Physical Microstructure Of A Vapor Deposited Organic Thin Film”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol A, 5, (4), Jul./Aug. 1987, pp. 1914-1916.
J. A. Floro, S. M. Rossnagel, and R. S. Robinson; “Ion-bombardment-induced Whisker Formation On Graphite”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol A, 1, (3), Jul./Sep. 1983, pp. 1398-1402.
M. K. Debe, K. K. Kam, J. C. Liu, R. J. Poirier, “Vacuum Vapor Deposited Thin Films Of a Perylene Dicarboximide Derivative; Microstructure Versus Deposition Parameters”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol A, 6, (3), May/Jun. 1988, pp. 1907-1911.
M. K. Debe and R. J. Poirier; “Effect of Gravity On Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films III: Microstructure Comparisons Of Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films Grown In Microgravity And Unit Gravity”, Thin Solid Films 186, 1990, pp. 327-347.
Y. Sadaoka, T. A. Jones, G. S. Revell, and W. Gopel; “Effects Of Morphology On NO2Detection In Air At Room Temperature With Phthalocyanine Thin Films”, J. Mat. Sci. 25, 1990, pp. 5257-5268.
Rapidly Quenched Metals, Proc of the Fifth Int. Conf on Rapidly Quenched, Metals, Wurzburg, Germany, Sep. 3-7, 1984, S. Steeb et al., eds., Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., New York, 1985, pp. 1117-1124.
P. K. Lee and M. K. Debe; “Measurement and Modeling of the Reflectance-Reducing Properties of Gradient Index Microstructured Surfaces”, Photographic Science and Engineering, vol. 24, (4), Jul./Aug. 1980, pp. 211-216.
K. Robbie, L. J. Friedrich, S. K. Dew, J. Smy and M. J. Brett;Fabrication Of Thin Films With Highly Porous Microstructures, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13(3), May/Jun. 1995, pp. 1032-1035.
K. Robbie, M. J. Brett and A. Lakhtokia;First Thin Film Realization Of A Helicoidal Bianisotropic Medium, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13(6), Nov./Dec. 1995, pp. 2991-2993.

Affiliated with

Also associated with

Rating

Fuel cell cathode catalyst does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Fuel cell cathode catalyst, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Fuel cell cathode catalyst will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

Comments { 0 }

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3950187