Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Organic nitrogen compound containing
Patent
1998-08-17
2000-12-26
Medley, Margaret
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Organic nitrogen compound containing
44437, 508562, 508577, 558408, 558452, C01L 118, C01L 122
Patent
active
061652377
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to novel derivatized polyalkylamine additives for fuels and lubricants, processes for the preparation of these additives and fuels and lubricants and additive concentrates which contain these novel additives.
Carburettors and intake systems of gasoline engines as well as injection system for fuel metering in gasoline and diesel engines are becoming contaminated with impurities to an increasing ex- tent. The impurities are the result of dust particles from the air taken in by the engine, uncombusted hydrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and the vent gases from the crank case which are passed into the carburettor.
These residues shift the air/fuel ratio during idling and in the lower part-load range so that the mixture becomes richer and the combustion more incomplete. As a result of this, the proportion of uncombusted or partially combusted hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas and the benzene consumption increase.
It is known that these disadvantages can be avoided by using fuel additives for keeping valves and carburettor or intake systems clean (cf. for example: M. Rossenbeck in Katalysatoren, Tenside, Mineraloladditive, Ed. J. Falbe, U. Hasserodt, pp. 223, G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1978). Depending on the mode of action and preferred place of action of such detergent additives, a distinction is now made between two generations. The first generation of additives was only able to prevent the formation of deposits in the intake system, not to remove existing deposits. On the other hand, additives of the second generation can prevent and eliminate deposits (keep-clean and clean-up effect). This is permitted in particular by their excellent heat stability in zones of relatively high temperature, in particular in the intake valves.
The molecular structural principle of these additives of the second generation which act as detergents is based on the linkage of polar structures to generally relatively high molecular weight, nonpolar or oleophilic radicals. Typical members of the second generation of additives are products based on polyisobutene in the nonpolar moiety, in particular additives of the polyisobutylamine type.
Such detergents can be prepared by two different multistage synthesis processes, starting from polyisobutenes.
The first process involves chlorination of the polymeric parent structure, followed by nucleophilic substitution of the polymeric parent structure by amines or, preferably, ammonia. The disadvantage of this process is the use of chlorine, which results in the occurrence of chlorine- or chloride-containing products, which is not at all desirable today.
In the second process, the polyisobutylamines are prepared starting from polyisobutene, by hydroformylation and subsequent reductive amination according to EP 0 244 616.
If ammonia is used in the reductive amination in the second process, the reaction products of the ammonia usually display excellent efficiency with regard to keeping valves and carburettors clean, but they are at best neutral in their action on an engine lubricant, in particular with regard to their oil sludge-dispersing actions.
Additives which are particularly advantageous from the technical and economic point of view are therefore those which simultaneously combine the properties of detergents and dispersants and are obtainable by simple, chlorine-free synthesis processes.
Such additives are disclosed in EP 0 568 873. The latter describes .beta.-aminonitriles of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.a is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having alkyl side groups and an average molecular weight of from 250 to 5,000 and R.sup.b, R.sup.c and R.sup.d, independently of one another, are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl or R.sup.b and R.sup.d are each phenyl, hydrogenation.
There is, however, an additional demand for further chlorine-free additive components in order to be able better to adapt the additives to the requirements of the respective application.
It is the object of the present invention to provide further compounds which are
REFERENCES:
patent: 4058469 (1977-11-01), Hoke
patent: 4209408 (1980-06-01), Hoke
patent: 4832702 (1989-05-01), Kummer et al.
patent: 5492641 (1996-02-01), Mohr et al.
M. Rossenbeck, Katalysatoren, Tenside, Mineraloeladditive, Ed. J. Falbe, U. Hasserodt, p. 223-229, 1978.
Ettl Roland
Greindl Thomas
Gunther Wolfgang
Julius Manfred
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
Medley Margaret
Toomer Cephia D.
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