Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Containing organic -c
Patent
1998-12-28
2000-12-05
Johnson, Jerry D.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Containing organic -c
C10L 118
Patent
active
061560820
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to fuel additives, more particularly to additives which increase the lubricity of the fuel and avoid undesirable interactions with the other additives now commonly present in fuels. The additives have also been found to possess surprisingly useful anti-corrosion properties.
It is known to add a minor proportion of a long chain fatty acid to liquid hydrocarbon fuels to increase the lubricity of the fuel, that is the ability to prevent wear on contacting metal surfaces. Increased lubricity results in lower wear to the surface, as measured for example by the well known wear scar test described in more detail hereinafter. Fatty acids which have been used for this purpose include di-linoleic acid. However, the increasing number of additives now present in fuels, and increased dosing levels, means that a need is arising for lubricity additives with an inherently lower tendency to interact with other fuel and lubricant additives. Improved lubricity performance for such compounds, relative to known lubricity additives, would also be desirable.
Esters of fatty acids have also been proposed as lubricity additives. Whilst the acid functions of these molecules are blocked by an alkyl ester group and so are not available for interaction with other fuel additives, it is important that the performance of the lubricity additive is not reduced by esterification, so that a delicate balance of properties is required.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,448,586 (to Weidig) discloses liquid fuels having anti-corrosion properties for use in internal combustion engines. The corrosion inhibition is discussed in relation to alkanol-type fuels and the reactant ratios are such that RCOO.CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2.OOCR structures are present.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,395 (to Meyer) also discloses corrosion inhibitor compositions for hydrocarbon fuels comprising a C.sub.10 -C.sub.24 alkenyl succinimide anhydride partially esterified with a water-soluble glycol. However, the ester is then neutralised with an amine in order to neutralise residual acid groups. Such acid groups are not present in the compounds of the present invention.
FR-A-2169718 (to Institut Fran.cedilla.ais du Petrole, des Carburants et Lubrifiants) discloses lubricating oils comprising 10 to 100% of esters, polyesters or esters of ethers of polyalkyleneglycols represented by the formula HO(R--O).sub.n H wherein each R is a divalent aliphatic C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 radical and n=2-50.
GB-A-1055337 (to Lubrizol) discloses oil-soluble esters of a substantially hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid wherein the substantially saturated hydrocarbon substituent has at least 50 aliphatic carbon atoms.
GB-A-1306233 (to Lubrizol) discloses a fuel composition comprising a major amount of a petroleum and a minor amount of a dispersant composition comprising at least one oil-soluble carboxylic dispersant including a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-substituted carboxylic group having at least 30 aliphatic carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon substituent and a stock petroleum fraction, the weight ratio of petroleum fraction to carboxylic dispersant being from 20:1 to 1:10.
We have now discovered a class of esterified alkenyl succinic acids which, while demonstrating excellent performance as lubricity additives, also offer improved compatibilities with other fuel and lubricant additives.
The novel compounds are represented by the general formula (I) ##STR2## where R.sub.1 is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.32 alkenyl group, such as an olefin or polyolefin, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are .paren open-st.OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 .paren close-st..sub.n OH, .paren open-st.OCH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.3 .paren close-st..sub.n OH or --OCH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 OH with n=1-10.
R.sub.1 is most preferably a C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 group. The value of n is preferably 1 or 2.
The compounds of formula (I) may be added to middle distillate fuels of poor lubricity, such as those with poor inherent lubricity, and those which have been exposed to hydrotreatment or desulphurisation processes thereby lowering the sulphur concentration to 0.5% w/w or less, for exam
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Brewer Mark L.
MacMillan John A
Johnson Jerry D.
The Associated Octel Company Limited
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