Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – Flow deflecting or rotation controlling means – Fluid rotation inducing means upstream of outlet
Reexamination Certificate
2000-01-22
2001-02-13
Kashinikow, Andres (Department: 3752)
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
Flow deflecting or rotation controlling means
Fluid rotation inducing means upstream of outlet
C239S493000, C239S496000, C239S494000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06186417
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a front plunger simplex atomizer, wherein the simplex type atomizer can provide a superior atomization performance because of the appropriate design of liquid flow channel. A compact configuration arrangement is employed to meet the design requirements of small volume and high maintenance availability. As compared with the traditional design, not only present atomizer possesses a better energy conversion efficiency (from pressure to kinetic energy), but also it is easier to assemble.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In general, the atomizer serves as an energy conversion mechanism to convert a volume of the liquid (such as the fuel) into a multiplicity of small droplets and then ejects these droplets so as to produce a high ratio of surface to mass in the liquid phase and thereby achieve high rates of mixing and evaporation. The atomizer may be used in applying agricultural chemicals to crops, paint spraying, spray drying of wet solid, food processing, cooling of nuclear cores, gas-liquid mass transfer applications, dispersing liquid fuels for combustion, and many other applications. As shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2
, the cross sectional view of a prior art atomizer and a nozzle which is installed with a nozzle cap are illustrated, respectively. The atomizer includes a seat
10
, an oil supplying tube
12
, a fuel supplying flow channel
12
, an embedding rod
13
and a nozzle cap
14
. As fuel flows to the fuel supplying chamber
15
from the fuel supplying tube
12
, by the combination of the fuel supplying flow channel
11
and the seat
10
, the fuel will pass through fuel supplying chamber
15
, and then enters into the fuel supplying strip formed by the nozzle cap
14
and the embedding rod
13
. The inner side of the nozzle cap is a hollow chamber. The vortex flow channels are constructed by the embedding rod
13
and the nozzle cap
14
from the vortex chamber
16
. The fuel is accelerated through the vortex flow channel and then is ejected from a release orifice in order to attain the effect of atomization. The defect is that the seat
10
used in the pivotal axis atomizer is very complex (referring to FIG.
1
), thus the finishing and assembling work are difficult. Moreover, the gaps after assembled is increased, thus the atomization effect is reduced.
Therefore, based on the principle of fluid dynamics, the object of the present invention is to design an atomizer which is suitable to be used in all kinds of industrial environments. Under different kinds of working fluid, there are some factors which will affect the performance of a pressure-swirl atomizer, which are:
1. Flow number (FN)
2. Differential pressure (&Dgr;P)
3. Mass flow of the working fluid (dm/dt)
4. Pressure loss induced by the friction of flow channel.
Reducing Flow number, increasing differential pressure, reducing mass flow and pressure loss induced by the friction of flow channel are beneficial to the SMD (Sauter mean diameter). Since in various bad industrial working environment, such as small installation space (FN large), fewer number of nozzles (large mass flow ratio), lower differential pressure, etc. Thus, it is eagerly demanded to have a brand new design which can further reduce the SMD value and have the following specifications:
1. Low differential pressure, below 7 kg/cm
2
(0.686 MPa).
2. High mass flow ratio.
3. High flow number FN=2.4×10-6.
4. Simple flow channel structure with fewer components, which may be easily finished and assembled
5. Reducing SMD value to less than 40 &mgr;m
The fuel flow rate {dot over (m)}
L
and SMD can be expressed by
{dot over (m)}
L
=CdA
0
(2&bgr;
L
P)
0.5
(1)
SMD=2.25&sgr;
0.25
&mgr;
L
0.25
{dot over (m)}
L
0.25
&Dgr;P
L
−0.5
&rgr;
A
−0.25
(2)
According to the requirement of the fuel flow rate {dot over (m)}
L
and SMD value, we can decide the suitable operating pressure P, final orifice area A
0
, and discharg coefficient C
d
.
C
d
=
0.45
(
d
0
ρ
L
U
μ
L
)
-
0.02
(
l
0
d
0
)
-
0.03
(
L
S
D
S
)
0.05
(
A
P
D
S
d
0
)
0.52
(
D
S
d
0
)
0.23
(
3
)
Now, we decide the actual discharge velocity U, d
0
, l
0
, D
s
, and L
s
by means of the mounting space to meet the required C
d
value.
The actual discharge velocity U can be obtained by velocity coefficient K
V
, the ratio of the actual discharge velocity to the theorectical velocity corresponding to the total pressure differential across the nozzle, i.e.,
K
V
=
U
(
2
Δ
P
L
/
ρ
L
)
0.5
=
0.00376
K
0.29
(
Δ
P
L
ρ
L
μ
L
)
0.2
(
4
)
K
=
A
P
D
S
d
0
atomizer
constant
(
5
)
According to aforementioned requirement, a front plunger simplex atomizer is designed. The present invention has the following advantages: 1. Small installation space and low operation pressure. 2. Simple flow channel structure. 3. Fewer components. 4. Easily assembled without any error. 5. Easily controlling the gap by a central plunger fastening barrel is adapted.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the primary object of the present invention is to provide a front plunger simplex atomizer, which is applied to a fuel atomizer of a micro gas turbine engine and includes a nozzle cap, a central plunger swirler, and a central plunger fastening barrel. The front plunger simplex atomizer is installed at the seat which is the hub of an engine. The present invention has the advantages of occupying a smaller space, needing a small operating pressure, a simple flow channel structure, and fewer components, being easily assembled and a superior atomizing performance. Therefore, the defects, such as complex finishing process of flow channels and difficulties to be assembled, in the prior art is improved effectively.
The various objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended drawing.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2378348 (1945-06-01), Wilmes et al.
patent: 2508788 (1950-05-01), Hallinan
patent: 2904263 (1959-09-01), Tate et al.
patent: 4991778 (1991-02-01), Maas et al.
Ho Wu-Chi
Hsiung Tao-Pang
Weng Ling-Chia
Wey Tzeng-Wuu
Industrial Technology Research Institute
Kashinikow Andres
Nguyen Dinh Q.
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