Metal fusion bonding – Process – Using dynamic frictional energy
Patent
1991-03-12
1992-03-31
Seidel, Richard K.
Metal fusion bonding
Process
Using dynamic frictional energy
228 2, B23K 2012
Patent
active
051000440
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to friction welding.
In one method of friction welding two components together, a first one of the components is caused to reciprocate while in contact with the other or second component, the two components being pressed together so that frictional heat is generated between the components. When sufficient heat has been generated to enable welding to be effected, relative reciprocatory movement between the components is caused to cease and the components are pressed together so that they become welded together.
It is usual for the second component to remain stationary, or substantially stationary during the generation of frictional heat. In the description of the present invention that follows, it will be assumed that the second component does indeed remain stationary, or substantially so; nevertheless it is to be understood that in making use of the invention the second component may also be caused to reciprocate or may be caused to move in some other manner during the generation of frictional heat.
Difficulties can arise in designing mechanism for causing reciprocation of the first component. The difficulties can be particularly severe when the components to be welded together are made of metal and have to be raised to a relatively high temperature before welding can be effected Difficulties may arise, for example, from the facts that the first component must be caused to reciprocate rapidly, typical rates of reciprocation being between 1000 and 6000 complete oscillations per minute, that the frictional resistance forces that must be overcome are not only relatively high, typically between 500 and 1000 kN, but also vary during the frictional generation of heat, and that the relative movement between the components must be stopped rapidly when the required temperature has been reached and the components must then be located in predetermined relative positions before they are welded together.
An aim of the present invention is to enable at least some of those difficulties to be reduced or overcome.
From a first aspect the present invention consists in a reciprocator for use in apparatus for friction welding, the reciprocator comprising first and second chambers of variable shape for containing hydraulic fluid, and reciprocable driving means and reciprocable driven means each of them so arranged that on reciprocation it causes a local variation in the volume of the first chamber and a complementary local variation in the volume of the second chamber, the arrangement being such that, in the absence of other variations in the shape of the chambers and when each chamber contains a fixed volume of hydraulic fluid so that the volume of each chamber remains constant, reciprocation of the driving means with any given amplitude causes reciprocation of the driven means with a smaller amplitude but with an increased force, characterised in that the driving means comprises a plurality of individually reciprocable elements each so arranged that on reciprocation it causes a local variation in the volume of the first chamber and a complementary local variation in the volume of the second chamber, reciprocating mechanism operative to cause the elements to reciprocate at the same frequency with unvarying amplitudes, and adjustment means operative to enable the relative phases of reciprocation of the elements to be adjusted, whereby the sum of the local variations in volume of each chamber attributable to the reciprocation of the elements can be varied down to zero.
In a preferred construction of reciprocator the first and second chambers are disposed on opposite sides of a common dividing wall, and the driving means extends through a hole or holes in that dividing wall. Similarly in a preferred construction the first and second chambers are disposed on opposite sides of a common dividing wall, and the driven means extends through a hole in that dividing wall. When, as is preferred, both of those preferred constructions are adopted, the holes are preferably formed in the same common dividing wall.
Loca
REFERENCES:
patent: 3323203 (1967-06-01), Hollander et al.
patent: 3542275 (1970-11-01), Loyd
patent: 3613218 (1971-10-01), Kiwalle
patent: 3627189 (1971-12-01), Ditto
patent: 3725998 (1973-04-01), Searle
patent: 3972465 (1976-08-01), Takaoka et al.
Allwood, Searle & Timney (Holdings) Limited
Mah Chuck Y.
Seidel Richard K.
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