Compositions – Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
Patent
1994-05-27
1995-03-07
Skaling, Linda
Compositions
Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
25217413, 252548, 252 97, 252102, 252103, 252381, 252 91, 252DIG12, 8137, C11D 138, C11D 326, C11D 1700, C11D 754
Patent
active
053955439
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a particulate alkaline detergent containing an alkaline agent and an alkali perborate hydrate and/or an alkali carbonate peroxohydrate as bleaching agent. As a result of coating at least the alkaline agent or the bleaching agent with an alkyl glycoside or an alkyl glycamide, the detergent has a low tendency to caking and excellent cleaning capacity.
When stored, particulate detergents, such as machine dishwashing detergents, easily cake, probably because weakly bound water migrates from one component to another, thereby forming so-called salt bridges. It is known that small amounts of chlorine isocyanurates, which are used as bleaching agents, can prevent caking. Patent Specification DE 3,818,660 A1, for instance, discloses such machine dishwashing detergents. It has, however, been found that chlorine isocyanurates in alkaline aqueous solutions generate organic chlorine compounds, such as tetrachlorine dibenzo paradioxine, which are toxic as well as not readily biodegradable. Thus, there is every reason to avoid using chlorine isocyanurates as bleaching agents and anti-caking agents.
Chlorine-free and comparatively environment-friendly bleaching agents include alkali perborate hydrates, such as sodium perborate monohydrate and sodium perborate tetrahydrate, and alkali carbonate peroxohydrates, such as sodium carbonate peroxo-1,5-hydrate. Such agents do, however, exhibit a marked tendency towards caking, which usually is intensified if the bleaching agents are used together with silicate as the alkaline agent. Attempts to use surface-active agents as anti-caking agents have only met with limited success, since it has not been possible to combine satisfactory anti-caking capacity with satisfactory cleaning capacity with regard to fat, starch, protein and tea.
One object of this invention is to replace chlorine isocyanurates with more environment-friendly bleaching agents in freeflowing alkaline detergents, such as particulate alkaline dishwashing detergents. Another object of the invention is to select the components of the detergent in such manner that it does not contain any special anti-caking agents and is given excellent cleaning capacity.
It has been found that these objects are achieved by using alkyl glycosides or glycamides as a combined surface-active agent and anti-caking agent. More specifically, the invention relates to a particulate alkaline detergent containing a conventional complexing agent, characterised in that it further contains 0.2-2.5% by weight of a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -alkyl glycoside having a degree of polymerisation of 1-4, a glycamide of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group having 6-10 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof, inorganic alkaline agent, and by weight of an alkali perborate hydrate and/or an alkali carbonate peroxohydrate, at least one of components b) and c), and, optionally, other components of the detergent, being coated with component a). In a preferred embodiment, both the alkaline agent b) and the bleaching chemicals c) are surface-coated with component a), suitably together with other components, such as the complexing agent. A suitable coating is obtained by dissolving the alkyl glycoside or the glycamide in a solvent, e.g. water and/or ethanol, and is sprayed onto a powder of the components to be coated, whereupon the thus-sprayed powder is dried in a manner known per se. Also other conventional processes of coating may be employed.
If only one of components b) and c) is coated with alkyl glycoside or glycamide, the content thereof may become so low that another surface-active agent should be added to the detergent to give the desired cleaning capacity. Apart from adding more alkyl glycoside or glycamide, other surface-active agents can be added, such as amphoteric compounds, non-ionic compounds or mixtures thereof, or a mixture of non-ionic and anionic compounds. If the detergent is a dishwashing detergent, low-foaming surface-active agents or mixtures
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Akerman Annika
Johansson Ingegard
Lagnemo Hans
Nordstrom-Lang Catarina
Berol Nobel AB
Eka Nobel AB
Hailey Patricia L.
Skaling Linda
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