Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Specified terranean relationship – Geographic
Patent
1987-05-29
1989-01-10
Raduazo, Henry E.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Specified terranean relationship
Geographic
521694, E02D 1900
Patent
active
047963980
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to civil engineering, and in particular, to a foundation of a building or installation erected across a ravine extending along a slope.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Masses of such slopes consist of soil layers having non-uniform physico-mechanical properties characterized by complicated engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions are seriously aggravated in seismically active areas where this invention can also be successfully used.
All methods presently used for the development of territories complicated by ravines or hollows are expensive and require considerable amount of materials and labour effort since the structures of up-to-date retainment and landslide protection installations, which are part of a development complex, are mainly used to retain in equilibrium masses of fill soil used for backfilling of a ravine or hollow or to stabilize landslide phenomena and are practically not used as foundations for erecting buildings or installations thereupon.
At the same time, there is an evergrowing shortage of land with flat terrain whose lots are primarily used for agriculture and recreation.
The trends in the development of territories complicated by ravines or hollows show that construction is usually carried out by erecting massive retainment landslide protection installations with the subsequent backfilling of a ravine or hollow.
Retaining wall is one of the widely used retainment structures. There is a great variety of designs of retaining walls which are made of various materials. In most cases, the retaining walls are used for levelling purposes, i.e. the retaining walls back-up comparatively small soil masses from sliding. However, in some cases the retaining walls can be also used under considerably landslide pressures. A crib-type retaining wall is considered to be one of the most economical designs among the structures of this type which are capable of taking-up a considerable horizontal force.
A lattice-type design consisting of vertical reinforced concrete and metal members extending through landslide soils and secured in stable soil layers is considered more rational a design than the retaining walls. The soil between these members performs together with them forming a retainment installation. Among such structures there are piles (precast piles, cast-in-place piles, filled-in piles).
The above mentioned structures are generally loaded by bending. If similar members do not extend through the entire landslide mass but extend only in a sliding plane area, such constructions will be generally loaded with shear.
In some cases it may be preferable to use landslide protection structures such as so-called anchor-and-stays installations. In this case, a slab or a lattice-type structure is placed on the slope surface and secured to stable soil layers by means of flexible tie rods cutting through the body of landslide soils.
To protect embankments and excavations, buttress structures are used which extend along a slope and are disposed at some interval from each other across the slope. The soil between the buttresses form vaults which prevent the landslide mass from pressing through. The buttresses are made of stone, concrete and reinforced concrete.
Also known in the art is a landslide protection structure made in the form of piles which are rigidly interconnected by a pilework bearing against massive abutments. This structure substantially improves static performance of piles and reduces consumption of materials.
Known in the art is a landslide protection structure in which active and landslide soil pressure is taken-up by a combined retaining wall having reinforced concrete arch structures. The retaining wall is in the form of a prism of a stone of crystalline rocks on the outer slope of which there are horizontal reinforced concrete arches disposed at different height and serving to take-up an excessive pressure exerted on the wall. The arches bear against reinforced concrete foundations made in semirock or rock soils of the ravine sides. A disadvant
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Ross Dam Built in Isolated Skagit Gorge, Engineering News Record, Oct. 12, 939, pp. 48-52.
G. Klein et al., Bases and Foundations, 3rd edition, Moscow, 1987, p. 104.
M. Makarochkin et al., Industrial Building Foundations, Minsk, 1962, pp. 39, 51.
Barykin Boris J.
Golovko Viktor A.
Lekhno Alexandr M.
Tetior Alexandr N.
Valts Semen P.
Raduazo Henry E.
Simferopolsky Filial Dnepropetrovskogo Inzhenerno-Stroitelnogo I
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