Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Implant or insert
Patent
1999-01-13
2000-05-30
Stucker, Jeffrey
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Implant or insert
424422, 424427, 424430, 424432, 424433, 424434, 424435, 424436, 424450, 424486, 424 7806, 424 7807, 514 45, 514 46, 514 47, A61F 200
Patent
active
060688513
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to formulations comprising film-forming components, particularly to topical formulations, and more particularly to topical formulations i) to prevent the transmission of pathogens through mucosae and/or skin, more particularly those useful to prevent the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases, ii) to treat lesions of mucosae and/or skin caused by pathogens or any other disease and iii) to prevent and/or treat any other pathogen of mucosae and/or skin including any infection, cancer, inflammatory process or any other disease.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As there is no truly effective treatment or vaccine against AIDS, preventive measures are the only tools that can presently reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The consistent and careful use of appropriate condoms represents an effective barrier to prevent HIV transmission. However, condoms should be used for almost all sexual intercourses to significantly reduce the probability of acquiring infection. In Africa, the most intensive prevention programs were only able to increase condom use to approximately 70% of all sexual intercourses in female prostitutes. Thus, doubts arise about the possibilities of condom promotion in controlling the AIDS epidemic in high risk groups. In situations where heterosexual transmission of HIV is important, preventive measures that depend on female behaviour would be an additional tool to control the epidemic. Since the women's compliance to preventive interventions for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is superior to that of men, regular use of such a preventive measure may be possible. This is reinforced by the fact that the introduction of different products into the vagina is a common practice in developing countries. Such a protective tool may also be useful in male homosexual relations as it could provide additional protection under the control of the receptive partner.
The development of microbicides to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV in humans constitutes actually one of the most important research areas in the field of HIV prevention. One of the major difficulties with this approach is that drugs used to control HIV transmission, including spermicides such as nonoxynol-9, have been shown to induce local inflammation and ulcerations which might favour the entry of HIV. As the number of individuals infected with HIV is growing dramatically throughout the world, there is an urgent need to develop active products and/or vehicles that could reduce the transmission of HIV with minimal mucosal irritation and minimal effects on the vaginal flora and pH. The use of gel formulations of microbicides or any other drug, that could be topically applied to the vaginal, cervical and/or ano-rectal mucosae of humans, represents a convenient strategy to achieve such a goal. The microbicides or any other drug can be entrapped into the gel formulations either as free or encapsulated into drug carriers such as liposomes, nanoparticles or cyclodextrins. Such microbicidal gels could prolong the local microbicidal activity, eliminate local irritation and reduce systemic side effects of incorporated active agents.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most common STDs. An animal model of intravaginal HSV-2 infection represents an interesting approach to evaluate the efficacy of our gel formulations to prevent the sexual transmission of that pathogen. Another important herpes virus infection is herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) which is a neurotropic virus that infects principally the neuroectodermal tissues including the skin, the peripheral nerves and the central nervous system. Recurrent HSV-1 cutaneous infections are frequently observed in immunocompromised patients. Zoster is clinically characterized by an unilateral dermatome distribution and by the occurrence of neuralgic pain both as a result of peripheral nerve involvement. Although, it is a mild disease, cutaneous HSV infections can
REFERENCES:
patent: 5151438 (1992-09-01), Sham et al.
patent: 5292516 (1994-03-01), Viegas et al.
Bergeron Michel G.
Desormeaux Andre
Tremblay Michel
Infectio Recherche, Inc.
Stucker Jeffrey
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