Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular...
Reexamination Certificate
2002-08-26
2004-08-03
Foelak, Morton (Department: 1711)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular...
C164S034000, C164S246000, C521S059000, C521S060000, C526S201000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06770681
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The application relates to a novel foamable copolymer resin (i.e. StMMA) and a method for preparing the same, which resin is a new plastic molding material for producing eliminated pattern (lost foam) castings. The invention concerns the field of manufacturing lost foam casting molding materials.
BACKGROUND ART
From U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,866 is known a foamable resin composition which comprises a copolymer produced by copolymerizing 55-85% by weight, preferably 60-80% by weight, of styrene and 45-15% by weight, preferably 40-20% by weight, of methacrylic acid. The prior art document has some disadvantages, since tricalcium phosphate is used as main dispersant during the reaction and has to be treated with hydrochloric acid after the completion of the reaction, not only the difficulties of acid treatment are brought but also the amount of waste water is increased greatly; secondly, the foamable resin is prepared by “two-step process” and the foaming agent is added at a pressure in the middle of the reaction. Therefore, there are needed a plenty of apparatus investment and the operation is very complicated, resulting in a ery high production cost.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,360,807 discloses an expandable styrenic copolymer comprising from 50 to 90 percent by weight of methyl methacrylate and from 10 to 50 percent by weight of styrene. However, there are still defects present during the preparation of the copolymer resin by means of “one-step process”: the molecular weight is lower and the resultant resin foam (pattern) has a lower strength and therefore is easily deformable, so U.S. Pat. No. 6,360,807 has to make use of seed polymerization process. Therefore, the process is compocatedly operated, it is difficult to control the product quality, and the production cost and the plant investment are high.
In recent years, a lost foam (expandable pattern) casting (EPC) technology is increasingly used in casting technology, which is a new technique without residuals and with excellent moulding accuracy. Since a readily volatizable foam is used as mold pattern, it is unnecessary to take out the mold, any mold joint and any sand core are eliminated, the dimensional error caused due to the assembly of the core mold blocks is reduced. The dimensional accuracy and the surface roughness are comparable to the ones in investment casting. Since the eliminated pattern casting uses a dry sand molding process, the defects caused by water, adhesive and other additive present in the sand are eliminated and casting reject ratio is substantially reduced. Secondly, lost foam casting is easy to be performed cleanly. The pattern degradation when casting causes a little organic emission, which amounts to about 0.3% based on the weight of the poured molten iron, however accounts to about 5% in case of self-hardened sand. At the same time, the emission may be completed within a short time at a concentrated place. That is to say, the lost foam casting technique is also environmentally friendly. In addition, almost all the casting sand can be reused, for example up to more than 97%, omitting the operating system for the formulation molding sand and the recycle of the used sand. Thirdly, a lost foam casting allows a high degree of design freedom and an integration of several components into one casting, internal channels or openings can be included in the foam pattern to be cast directly, therefore machining cost and assembly cost can be reduced greatly. Generally speaking, by means of EPC process the equipment cost can be lowered by 30-50% and casting cost is reduced by 10-39%. Because of the possibility of carbon pickup, the process employing expandable polystyrene (EPS) pattern is not suitable for black metal casting since the carbon-rich benzene structure in EPS molecule is thermodynamically stable and difficult to be decomposed; Furthermore, the EPS decomposition leads to a plenty of liquid, which is contacted with molten metal for a long time, making carbon-hydrogen bond of benzene ring structure be cracked to form carbon residual and therefore increasing the possibility of carbon being captured by liquid metal in mold. In summary, the EPS mold has a main disadvantage of carbon pickup defect in casting.
CONTENTS OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the application is to overcome the defects of the prior art, i.e. effectively solve the problem of a lower molecular weight of the foamable copolymer resin, obtain a product comparative to or superior to the foamable copolymer resin prepared by a seed polymerization or “two-step process” of the prior art, by selecting the constituting ratio of the mixed monomers and selecting one or more additives under the conditions that “one-step process” is employed in preparing process.
In eliminated pattern casting process, pattern manufacturing is very critical. Selection of starting materials and manufacturing process is very important for obtaining a pattern having a low density, an accurate size and a smooth surface and therefore for obtaining good castings. For this purpose, the applicant is trying to achieve the following results on designing the eliminated pattern casting molding material: 1. the evaporating temperature and the emitted gas amount should be low; 2. the evaporation should be carried out rapidly and completely without any residuals; 3. the materials should have low density, good strength and stiffness in order that the pattern maintains undamaged during its preparation, its transport and the filling of dry sand in mold, thereby ensuring the size and form of the pattern stable; 4. in order to solve the problems which are existing in preparing a foamable resin by means of “one-step process”, for example, that the prepared copolymer resin has a lower molecular weight and the resultant resin foam has a lower strength and therefore is easily deformable, the applicant has made a careful and extensive study and found that if divinyl benzene (DVB) or ethylene glycol dirnethacrylate (DMAE) or C
8
-C
12
-alkyl mercaptan or carbon tetrabromide or carbon tetrachloride as a modifying agent is mixed with the mixed monomers to carry out one-step polymerization, the resultant foamable copolymer resin product would have a greatly improved molecular weight, good performance and quality, leading to an excellent operability—with which one may produce a foam pattern having smooth surface and high strength, therefore obtaining excellent lost foam castings; 5. by selection of type and amount of the modifying aid in the composition, the constituting ratio of the polymerizating materials of the invention is fully different from the prior art, the resultant product has a different molecular structure and good suitability, meeting the need of the user.
It was found that the object of the invention can be reached by the following embodiments:
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a foamable copolymer resin which comprises in parts by weight (pbw) from 40 to 49 of methyl methacrylate, from 51 to 60 of styrene, from 180 to 220 of deionized water, from 0.25 to 0.55 of a dispersant, from 10 to 14 of a foaming agent, from 0.35 to 0.75 of an initiator and from 0.2 to 0.5 of a modifying aid.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a foamable copolymer resin which comprises in parts by weight from 91 to 95 of methyl methacrylate, from 5 to 9 of styrene, from 230 to 270 of deionized water, from 0.4 to 0.6 of a dispersant, from 13 to 15 of a foaming agent, from 0.25 to 0.65 of an initiator and from 0.5 to 1.0 of a modifying aid.
According to further aspect of the invention, there is provided a foamable copolymer resin which comprises in parts by weight 70 of methyl methacrylate, 30 of styrene, from 180 to 220 of deionized water, from 0.3 to 0.6 of a dispersant, from 8 to 15 of a foaming agent, from 0.3 to 0.8 of an initiator and from 0.35 to 0.60 of a modifying aid.
In the above said embodiments, an organic peroxide may be used as an initiator, like benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and tert-butyl perbenzoatc (TBPB); the used foaming agent is pentane o
Han Xiaohong
Hong Jingwu
Lu Guohua
Tang Suoyun
Foelak Morton
Hangzhou Yuhang Yatai Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
Ladas & Parry
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