Fly attractant compositions

Details Fly attractant compositions Fly attractant compositions

1997-12-05

2000-08-22

Pak, John

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Baits, attractants, or lures

424405, 424 43, 424664, 424710, 424716, 424719, 424720, 424721, 514412, 514517, 514557, 514558, 514663, 514706, 514707, 514712, 514713, 514730, 514731, 514944, 514964, 514957, A01N 5900, A01N 3702, A01N 3102, A01N 4338

Patent

active

061068217

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the field of insect attractants and in particular this invention relates to compositions and methods for preparing and using fly attractants.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The house fly (Musca domestica L.) enjoys a cosmopolitan distribution. The enormous potential that this species possesses for pathogen transmission is well documented (Greenberg 1973, Flies and disease. Vol. I. Princeton University Press, Princeton N.Y., 856 pp. and West & Peters 1973, An annotated bibliography of Musca domestica Linnaeus. Dawsons of Pall Mall, London, 743 pp.). In addition to transmitting disease, the house fly is a major pest in or around livestock, swine, and poultry facilities (West, L.S., 1951, The housefly. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca, N.Y., 584 pp.). Heavy fly populations not only can cause actual economic losses in production to various classes of livestock but also can cause other economic losses. For example, livestock production facilities may be cited as a nuisance to surrounding residents as a result of flies, odor, and dust with resulting fines, attorney fees and settlement costs. (Campbell 1993. "The economics of the fly problem," pp. 34-39. In G. D. Thomas & S. R. Skoda. [Eds.], Proceeding of a symposium: Rural flies in the urban environment? University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Res. Bull. 317, 97 pp.).
Insecticides have been used as the primary method for fly control for the last 100 years and are still widely employed today. In spite of the large numbers of chemical products available, heavy fly populations are still present at livestock installations and the flies can disperse into urban areas (Thomas & Skoda 1993. supra). Many house fly control failures have been attributed to insecticide resistance (Meyer et al. 1987 J. Econ. Entomol. 80:636-640, Scott & Georghiou 1985, J. Econ. Entomol. 78:319-326).
One of the alternative control methods for house flies is attractants which can be deployed in the domestic and feedlot environment. However, existing commercial house fly attractant baits have shown mixed results (Browne 1990. "The use of pheromones and other attractants in house fly control." pp. 531-537. In L. R. Ridgway, R. M. Silverstein & M. N. Inscoe [Eds.], Behavior-modifying chemicals for insect management. Marchel Dekker, Inc., 761 pp.). Studies on attractants for the house fly are not new and have focused on evaluating the attractancy of single compounds or complex odorant mixtures in olfactometers, small rooms, and the field (West & Peters 1973, supra and references therein). These studies have demonstrated that mixtures are more attractive than single chemicals (Brown et al. 1961. J. Econ. Entomol. 54:670-674), Mulla et al., 1977. J Econ. Entomol. 70:644-648, Kunast & Gunzrodt, 1981. Anz. Schadlingskde. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 54:131-135). House flies can be attracted to single odor sources such as indole, 3-methylindole, or butanoic acid in the field (Brown et al. 1961, J Econ. Entomol. 54:670-674; Frishman & Matthysse 1966, "Olfactory responses of the face fly Musca autumnalis De Geer and the house fly Musca domestica Linn." In Memoirs Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 496. Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.; and Mulla et al. 1977, supra). However, the most effective attractants for house flies appear to be natural products, and especially effective are the products of putrefaction and fermentation, the sources of which can serve as oviposition sites and food sources. Dairy products and sugar-containing substances also are considered effective attractants (Kunast & Gunzrodt 1981 supra). These sources are generally malodorous and are therefore not acceptable as commercial or residential fly attractants.
Manure and spilled feed are the principal breeding media for the house fly (Skoda & Thomas 1993. "Breeding sites of stable flies and house flies," p. 61-67. In G. D. Thomas & S. R. Skoda. [Eds.], Proceedings of a symposium: Rural flies in the urban environment? University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Res. Bull. 317, 97 pp.). L

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