Electrical generator or motor structure – Dynamoelectric – Rotary
Reexamination Certificate
2003-05-12
2004-03-16
Lam, Thanh (Department: 2834)
Electrical generator or motor structure
Dynamoelectric
Rotary
C310S156350, C310S156360, C310S156540, C310S156840, C310S261100, C310S268000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06707208
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to the use of magnets, preferably permanent magnets, to efficiently utilize regulate and control magnetic forces in a motor or generator to increase the efficiency of the machine.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a conventional electric motor, the electromotive force (EMF) generated by the motor is 180° out of phase with the input voltage with respect to the waves of the generator and input voltages. This is because the electromechanical coupling which produces torque between the motor rotor and stator core and coil members generates the exact opposite EMF in the coils as the applied current which creates a coupling. This is the basic nature of conventional electric motors and generators.
In order for an electric motor to run, the input voltage at any revolution must be greater than the reverse generated voltage at that rate of revolution (RPM). A current will be established in the coils of a motor which is proportional to the difference between the applied voltage and the reverse generated voltage. For example, if the reverse generated voltage is 100 volts at 1800 RPM and 120 volts are being applied to the motor, then the amperage established in the coil will be that which can be accounted for by 20 volts at the ohms and inductances of the motor coils at that RPM. This is why a motor with a large number of turns cannot run but very few RPMs or produce little torque at low voltages. The moment the rotor starts moving in relation to the stator, it takes only a few RPMs to generate a reverse voltage nearly as great as the applied voltage. Since the rotor cannot turn any faster without generating a voltage higher than the applied voltage, and thus stopping the current flow through the coils all together, the motor cannot achieve any useful RPM or torque without the application of higher voltages. So even though high turn coils produce higher flux per-amp of current circulating, ampere-turns, they also generate more reverse EMF and thus require higher voltage. A new and more effective way of interacting with these counter electromotive forces is one of the primary benefits to which the invention is directed.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The basic object of the invention is to provide an electric machine using a stator and rotating rotor wherein magnetic flux forces producing reverse electromotive forces are substantially eliminated or beneficially re-phased in an economical and practical manner to significantly increase the efficiency of operation of electrical machines such as motors and generators.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
With the invention, permanent magnets are used in a flux-circuit in a manner similar to how a diode is used in an electrical circuit, and for this reason, the electrical machine of the invention is called a flux diode motor.
The invention uses permanent magnets in a stator or rotor assembly, or in a rotor assembly in proper relation to a stator assembly, so as to prevent the establishment of magnetic flux circuits in one direction and to encourage them in the opposite direction in certain areas of the rotor or stator assembly. This concept allows for a unique method of creating useful magnetomechanical coupling between the stator and rotor assemblies so as to produce a useful output at the rotor shaft, and unique generation of in-phase electromotive force in the stator or rotor coil or coils, depending on the design, in regard to the applied current.
The purpose of the invention is to develop an EMF machine which beneficially re-phases or eliminates the counter generation discussed above. It is apparent that if the counter generated EMF can be beneficially re-phased or eliminated, significant improvement in motor efficiency can be achieved as all of the applied voltage producing current in the motor coils, less coil inductance, will produce current flow. Further, in addition to eliminating or re-phasing the above discussed reverse generation, the practice of the invention produces a beneficial forward (in-phase) generation ahead of or behind the applied voltage. This arrangement results in a machine having very high efficiency. The forward generation creates a current “path” through the motor coils which is in-phase with the applied voltage. The result is that this forward EMF creates, underneath the influence of its current wave, a nearly resistance-less, timed current-path through the coil as a sine-wave. No matter how many turns are on the motor coils, as long as the coils are not physically too large to where the flux from the permanent magnets cannot generate a forward EMF on the outer turns of the coil efficiently due to too great a distance, they will generate this nearly resistance-less path at the same ratio to turns. As the number of turns go up, so does the in-phase forward-generation current, and since none of the coils or magnets of this type of motor move, the forward generation comes from these non-moving parts, and it puts no load on the rotor when the right kind of electronic triggering circuits are used.
The control of flux in accord with the invention is achieved by the use of permanent magnets arranged in a particular manner with each other and with magnetic flux shunts so that the magnets and shunts can function as unidirectional flux “gates”, which can be used to manage flux much like diodes manage electric current.
It is commonly understood that a permanent magnet pole will only pass flux in one direction, i.e. from the south pole to the north pole. The magnet will not allow flux to pass from the north pole through to the south pole. Thus, if you have oppositely polarized poles on a magnet or multiple magnets arranged with their poles opposite in polarity, or in some way oriented differently, then you have a one-way flux “gate” which can be used to manage flux similar to the manner that multiple diodes manage electrical current.
It is commonly understood that a permanent magnet pole will function as above as long as the flux it opposes and re-directs in out-of-phase cycle does not exceed its coercive force. However, it has been demonstrated that often magnets can be driven well beyond their coercive force rating without any demagnetizing effect to the magnet as long as it is in the presence of at least one oppositely oriented adjacent pole in the same applied flux path. This is because permanent magnets do not merely “pass” flux in the south to the north pole direction; they provide a resistance-less flux path, a kind of “superconductivity” which attracts it. Thus, if one pole is in-phase with the applied flux, this will cause the applied flux and the flux of the in-phase pole to series. The result is that little demagnetizing force is exerted on the out-of-phase pole since the flux is attracted to the other pole. The in-phase pole. offers little to no resistance while the out-of-phase pole offers high resistance. But it can still be understood that because there is a path through the in-phase pole for the applied flux to complete its magnetic circuit, then this will channel the full impact of the demagnetizing effect of the applied flux away from the out-of-phase pole. Therefore, this flux-diode type use of the magnets seldom, if ever, results in demagnetization of the permanent magnets. In fact, it tends to maintain the magnets at their peak magnetization because of the in-phase re-enforcement by the applied current to the magnetic poles' polarization.
Another reason congruent with this phenomenon is the fact that the presence of a near or adjacent oppositely polarized pole will allow the out-of-phase pole to complete its magnetic circuit through the adjacent pole while being opposed to the applied flux. When the applied flux is flowing through this adjacent in-phase pole, the magnetic conductivity of that pole is increased and it therefore “draws” or “attracts” the flux of the out-of-phase magnetic pole to itself more powerfully. Since this is the normal state of how most of the flux of the oppositely phased permanent magnet poles respond to each other,
Durham Gary L.
Durham Harold S.
Lam Thanh
Young & Basile P.C.
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